Crash Count for SD 28
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 8,959
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 4,587
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 1,304
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 116
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 29
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 13, 2025
Carnage in SD 28
Killed 29
+14
Crush Injuries 25
Lower leg/foot 11
+6
Head 3
Hip/upper leg 3
Lower arm/hand 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Whole body 2
Back 1
Face 1
Amputation 2
Back 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Severe Bleeding 45
Head 29
+24
Face 6
+1
Lower arm/hand 4
Lower leg/foot 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Neck 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Severe Lacerations 34
Head 17
+12
Face 7
+2
Lower arm/hand 4
Lower leg/foot 4
Hip/upper leg 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Concussion 35
Head 21
+16
Back 3
Neck 3
Lower arm/hand 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Face 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Whiplash 117
Neck 66
+61
Head 24
+19
Back 12
+7
Whole body 8
+3
Shoulder/upper arm 6
+1
Face 3
Chest 2
Lower arm/hand 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Contusion/Bruise 395
Lower leg/foot 133
+128
Head 61
+56
Lower arm/hand 61
+56
Shoulder/upper arm 39
+34
Hip/upper leg 31
+26
Back 21
+16
Neck 15
+10
Whole body 15
+10
Face 14
+9
Chest 8
+3
Abdomen/pelvis 7
+2
Eye 1
Abrasion 252
Lower leg/foot 89
+84
Lower arm/hand 66
+61
Head 37
+32
Face 22
+17
Shoulder/upper arm 16
+11
Hip/upper leg 9
+4
Back 6
+1
Chest 4
Whole body 4
Neck 3
Pain/Nausea 80
Lower leg/foot 16
+11
Neck 11
+6
Shoulder/upper arm 11
+6
Back 10
+5
Head 9
+4
Whole body 9
+4
Hip/upper leg 7
+2
Lower arm/hand 7
+2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Eye 1
Face 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 13, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in SD 28?

Preventable Speeding in SD 28 School Zones

(since 2022)
York and 72nd, 5 AM

York and 72nd, 5 AM

SD 28: Jan 1, 2022 - Sep 4, 2025

About 5 AM on Aug 30, at York Avenue and E 72nd Street, a taxi hit a person in the roadway. The pedestrian died (NYC Open Data).

This was one of 29 deaths on Senate District 28 streets since Jan 1, 2022. In that same period, there were 8,953 crashes and 4,586 injuries. This year alone, SD 28 has 12 deaths, up from 3 at this point last year (NYC Open Data).

This Week

  • Aug 30: Pedestrian killed at York Ave and E 72nd; taxi involved (NYC Open Data).
  • Aug 20: Reported left‑turn crash injuring a woman at Broadway (severity not recorded) (timeline record).

Six Blocks, Two Deaths

  • The same corner saw a fatal crash on Feb 5. A 90‑year‑old woman was struck and killed; a taxi and an SUV were listed in the report (CrashID 4790720).
  • Midtown stayed deadly: on Feb 11, an 83‑year‑old woman, crossing with the signal at Sixth Avenue and W 58th, was hit and killed by a left‑turning SUV (CrashID 4792095).
  • On Feb 18 at Fifth Avenue and W 51st, a crash involving a parked SUV and an e‑bike led to two cyclist deaths, both recorded as 67 years old in the file (CrashID 4796322).

The Pattern Doesn’t Let Up

  • In the last 12 months here: 2,950 crashes, 1,592 injuries, 37 serious injuries, and 14 deaths. Seniors bear the brunt: at least 9 deaths among people 65 and older in that span (NYC Open Data).
  • Pedestrians keep taking the hits from larger vehicles. This year to date, SUVs in SD 28 are linked to 12 pedestrian deaths and hundreds of injuries; taxis to 1 death and more injuries in the pedestrian harm rollup (NYC Open Data).

Stalled Promises, Crowded Paths

A safe route over the Queensboro Bridge was promised. It still isn’t open. Lawmakers warned City Hall this spring: “Any further delays to this project that is otherwise ready to open will unnecessarily put at risk the thousands of New Yorkers who cycle and walk the current shared path every day” (Streetsblog NYC). The crush on that span ends in our district.

Who’s Doing What

  • State Sen. Liz Krueger co‑sponsored the speed‑limiter bill S 4045 and voted yes in committee on June 11 and 12, 2025 (Open States). That bill would force repeat violators to use intelligent speed assistance.
  • Our Assembly Member is Alex Bores. The question is simple: has he signed on to the companion? What gives? (Open States).
  • Our Council Member is Keith Powers. The city can lower speeds on local streets. The ask is clear below.

What Will Stop the Next One

  • Lower the default speed limit citywide. Fewer chances to kill. More room for error. The City Council and DOT can act.
  • Pass and enforce speed limiters for repeat offenders. Krueger’s on the bill; the Assembly should move the companion.

One person died at York and 72nd before dawn. The tools exist. Use them. Take one minute to press your officials to act /take_action/.

Frequently Asked Questions

What happened at York Ave and E 72nd on Aug 30?
A pedestrian was struck by a taxi around 5 AM at York Ave and E 72nd and was killed, according to the NYC Open Data crash record for Aug 30, 2025. See the crashes dataset linked above.
How many people have been killed in SD 28 since 2022?
Since Jan 1, 2022 through Sep 4, 2025, there have been 29 traffic deaths in Senate District 28, along with 8,953 crashes and 4,586 injuries, based on NYC Open Data filtered to SD 28 in that date range.
Are deaths increasing this year?
Yes. Year-to-date deaths in SD 28 are 12, compared to 3 at the same point last year, according to our aggregation of NYC Open Data for the coverage window and geography stated above.
Which policies are on the table?
State bill S 4045 would require speed limiters for repeat violators; Sen. Liz Krueger co‑sponsored it and voted yes in committee. The city can also reduce default speed limits on local streets. See the cited bill page and our Take Action link.
How were these numbers calculated?
We used NYC Open Data’s Motor Vehicle Collisions datasets — Crashes (h9gi-nx95), Persons (f55k-p6yu), and Vehicles (bm4k-52h4) — filtered to Senate District 28 and the period 2022‑01‑01 to 2025‑09‑04. We counted crashes, injuries, serious injuries, and deaths from the fields provided. Data were extracted on Sep 4, 2025. You can explore the base datasets starting here.
What is CrashCount?
We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Citations

Fix the Problem

State Senator Liz Krueger

District 28

Other Representatives

Assembly Member Alex Bores

District 73

Twitter: @AlexBores

Council Member Keith Powers

District 4

Other Geographies

SD 28 Senate District 28 sits in Manhattan, Precinct 18, District 4, AD 73.

It contains Midtown South-Flatiron-Union Square, Midtown-Times Square, East Midtown-Turtle Bay, Upper East Side-Lenox Hill-Roosevelt Island, Upper East Side-Carnegie Hill, Upper East Side-Yorkville, Central Park, Manhattan CB5, Manhattan CB6, Manhattan CB64, Manhattan CB8.

See also
Boroughs
State_assembly_districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Senate District 28

30
Taxi driver hit pedestrian outside crosswalk

Aug 30 - The driver of a southbound taxi struck a male pedestrian outside the crosswalk on York Avenue at East 72nd. The pedestrian suffered crush injuries and died. Police recorded failure to yield by the driver.

A southbound taxi struck a male pedestrian outside an intersection on York Avenue at East 72nd. The pedestrian suffered crush injuries to the entire body and was killed. According to the police report, the contributing factor was "Failure to Yield Right-of-Way." Data show the taxi was going straight ahead. The point of impact was the center front end, with damage to the right front bumper. Police listed driver error: Failure to Yield Right-of-Way, and an additional factor recorded as Unspecified. The pedestrian was not at an intersection and was in the roadway. No data indicate fault by the victim.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4838512 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
21
Dump truck injures SUV driver on 52nd

Aug 21 - Eastbound dump truck and parked SUV met on West 52nd at Fifth. Metal against metal. The SUV driver bled from the arm. Police logged injuries. No listed factors. Manhattan traffic did its harm.

A dump truck traveling east and a parked SUV were involved in a crash at West 52nd Street and Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. One man driving the dump truck and a 63-year-old man driving the SUV were listed; the SUV driver was injured with severe bleeding to his arm. According to the police report, both vehicles showed “No Damage,” and contributing factors were recorded as “Unspecified.” The data lists both drivers as licensed and the truck as going straight while the SUV was parked. No driver errors were identified in the report, which limits accountability in a crash that still left a person hurt.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4836773 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
20
SUV Left Turn Hits Woman on Broadway

Aug 20 - A driver turned left at 1681 Broadway and hit a woman in the crosswalk. She fell unconscious, bleeding from whole-body injuries. Police recorded failure to yield by the driver.

An SUV made a left turn at 1681 Broadway and struck a female pedestrian in the intersection. She was rendered unconscious with severe bleeding and whole-body injuries. "According to the police report, the contributing factor was \"Failure to Yield Right-of-Way.\"" The vehicle's pre-crash action is listed as Making Left Turn and the point of impact was the center front end, consistent with a turning driver entering the crosswalk. Police recorded driver errors: Failure to Yield Right-of-Way; the report also lists Unspecified. The driver is a licensed female; an occupant is listed as a witness.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4836467 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
31
Eight Injured As Cars Hit Scaffolding

Jul 31 - Two vehicles collided on Madison Avenue. One slammed into scaffolding. Eight people hurt. Steel and glass scattered. Early morning chaos. No word yet on why.

ABC7 reported on July 31, 2025, that a car and SUV crashed on Madison Avenue between 84th and 85th streets, sending one vehicle into scaffolding. Eight people were injured, but none critically. The article states, 'There is no word on the cause of the crash. So far, no charges have been filed.' Video from Citizen App showed the aftermath. The crash highlights the risks of vehicle collisions near pedestrian infrastructure. No details on driver actions or city response were given.


29
Cyclist Hurt in E 17th, 5th Crash

Jul 29 - A driver in a parked sedan and a southbound cyclist collided on E 17th at 5th. The cyclist, 21, suffered severe head cuts. The driver, 72, was unhurt. Police recorded Failure to Keep Right.

A southbound cyclist and a parked sedan collided on E 17 Street at 5 Avenue in Manhattan. The crash happened at 10:42 a.m. The cyclist, 21, suffered severe head lacerations and was listed as injured. The driver, 72, was not hurt. According to the police report, the cyclist’s head was the site of injury. Police recorded “Failure to Keep Right” as a contributing factor. The sedan had damage to the left front quarter panel. Police noted damage to the front of the bike. No other contributing factors were recorded. The case is logged under collision ID 4831257.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4831257 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
21
Sedan Strikes Pedestrian at E 86th and 2nd

Jul 21 - A sedan hit a 29-year-old man at E 86th and 2nd. The car’s right front smashed his arm. Blood pooled. The driver, 75, stayed at the scene. View was blocked. The street did not forgive.

A 29-year-old pedestrian was struck by a sedan at the intersection of E 86th Street and 2nd Avenue in Manhattan. According to the police report, the man suffered severe bleeding and a serious upper arm injury. The vehicle, a 2020 Mercedes sedan, was traveling straight when its right front quarter panel hit the pedestrian. The driver, a 75-year-old woman, was licensed and uninjured. The report lists 'Pedestrian/Bicyclist/Other Pedestrian Error/Confusion' and 'View Obstructed/Limited' as contributing factors. No other errors or equipment issues are noted.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4830612 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
14
Pedestrian Crushed While Working on Car

Jul 14 - SUV and sedan collided near E 77th. Pedestrian working on car crushed, left semiconscious with leg injuries. Another man inside SUV hurt. Streets stay brutal for those outside steel.

A pedestrian, age 53, was crushed and left semiconscious with leg injuries while working on a car near E 77th Street. Another man, 31, inside a station wagon was also injured. According to the police report, both vehicles—a GMC SUV and a Jeep sedan—were parked before the crash. The pedestrian was not at an intersection. The report lists all contributing factors as 'Unspecified.' No driver errors were identified in the data.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4832274 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
13
Driver Dies After Losing Consciousness on York Avenue

Jul 13 - A 55-year-old driver lost consciousness while driving a sedan on York Avenue and died. The car’s right front bumper took the impact. No other people were injured. Police list "Lost Consciousness" as the contributing factor.

A sedan was traveling west on York Avenue near East 83rd Street when the driver lost consciousness and crashed. According to the police report, the driver, a 55-year-old man, was killed. The report lists "Lost Consciousness" as the contributing factor. Police recorded the vehicle was going straight ahead and the point of impact was the right front bumper. The driver was not ejected. No other pedestrians, cyclists, or vehicle occupants were reported injured. The police report does not note helmet or signal use.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4832831 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
9
Driver Ejected, Bleeds After E 78th Crash

Jul 9 - A 33-year-old male driver was ejected on E 78th at 3rd Avenue. He suffered a head injury and severe bleeding. Police listed Driver Inattention/Distraction. Helmet use was recorded.

A 33-year-old male driver of an Other Motorized device listed as "Standing S" was injured on East 78th Street at 3rd Avenue. He was ejected and suffered a head injury with severe bleeding. According to the police report, "Driver Inattention/Distraction" contributed to the crash. Police recorded Driver Inattention/Distraction by the driver as the contributing factor. Helmet use was noted in the report. The vehicle was traveling north, going straight ahead; point of impact and damage were recorded at the center back end. No other injuries were listed.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4826962 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
27
SUV Reverses, Strikes Elderly Pedestrian on Lexington

Jun 27 - SUV backed up on Lexington. Elderly woman stepped from behind parked car. Impact. Head wounds. Blood on the street. Passenger distraction listed. System failed her.

An SUV struck an 81-year-old woman on Lexington Avenue as she emerged from behind a parked vehicle. According to the police report, the SUV was backing south when the collision occurred. The pedestrian suffered severe head lacerations. Police list 'Passenger Distraction' as a contributing factor. The driver was licensed and wore a seatbelt. No injuries were reported for the driver or passenger. The crash highlights the danger when drivers lose focus, especially near vulnerable pedestrians.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4824085 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-17
23
Stolen Truck Slams Midtown Building

Jun 23 - A stolen box truck crashed into a Midtown building. The front awning buckled under the force. No injuries. Police detained a person of interest. Metal and glass scattered. The street fell silent. The city watched, unblinking.

CBS New York reported on June 23, 2025, that a stolen box truck struck a building in Midtown Manhattan, damaging the front awning. According to police, 'no one was hurt and a person of interest was taken into custody.' The incident highlights the risk posed by unauthorized drivers behind the wheel of large vehicles. The crash did not result in injuries, but the impact damaged property and disrupted the area. The report underscores ongoing concerns about vehicle theft and the potential for harm in dense urban environments, where even a single reckless act can threaten public safety.


14
34th Street Busway Plan Sparks Debate

Jun 14 - City bans cars from 34th Street. Busway stretches from 3rd to 9th Avenue. Residents protest. They say more buses, not fewer cars, would help. Officials push ahead. Tensions flare. Policy shifts, but questions remain on safety and congestion.

According to the New York Post (June 14, 2025), City Hall approved a plan to ban cars on 34th Street between 3rd and 9th Avenues, creating a dedicated busway. The article details heated opposition from local residents and bus riders, who argued the plan was rushed and lacked proper traffic analysis. Stacy Rauch, a daily bus rider, said, 'The bigger problem is we don’t have enough buses.' Critics worried diverted car traffic would overwhelm nearby streets. The city compared the move to the 14th Street car ban, but residents noted differences in bus frequency. The article highlights accusations of conflicts of interest involving community board members and advocacy groups. The policy aims to prioritize buses and vulnerable road users, but leaves open questions about implementation and neighborhood impact.


13
Krueger Supports Safety Boosting Delivery App Insurance Bill

Jun 13 - Senate passes bill forcing delivery apps to insure workers and crash victims. Lawmakers tout support for the injured. But insurance comes after the hit. Speeders keep driving. Danger stays on the street. Prevention takes a back seat.

On June 13, 2025, the New York State Senate passed a bill requiring food delivery apps to provide insurance for delivery workers, pedestrians, and cyclists. The bill, sponsored by Senate Finance Chair Liz Krueger, mandates up to $50,000 per person for basic economic loss, regardless of citizenship or employment status. Assembly Member Robert Carroll authored the original Assembly version, stating, 'It is time we require delivery apps to take responsibility for keeping delivery workers and pedestrians safe.' Sen. Andrew Gounardes defended a related speed-limiting bill, but it was weakened. Safety analysts warn: 'Focusing on insurance rather than speed limits shifts responsibility away from prevention and system design, failing to reduce crash risk and potentially discouraging mode shift by not addressing the root causes of danger for pedestrians and cyclists.' Lawmakers back insurance, but leave the streets risky.


13
S 8344 Krueger votes yes to extend school speed zones, improving child pedestrian safety.

Jun 13 - Senate passes S 8344. School speed zone rules in New York City get extended. Lawmakers make technical fixes. The bill keeps pressure on drivers near schools. Streets stay a little safer for kids.

Bill S 8344, titled 'Extends provisions and makes technical corrections to school speed zones in NYC; repealer,' moved through the Senate and Assembly in June 2025. Sponsored by Senator Andrew Gounardes, the bill passed Senate votes on June 12 and June 13, and cleared the Assembly on June 17. The measure extends and corrects school speed zone laws in New York City, repealing outdated provisions. Gounardes led the push, with strong support from most Senate Democrats and a split Assembly. The bill's technical fixes aim to keep protections in place for children and other vulnerable road users near schools. No safety analyst note was provided.


12
S 4045 Krueger votes yes in committee, boosting street safety by curbing repeat speeders.

Jun 12 - Senate backs S 4045. Repeat speeders face forced installation of speed assistance tech. Eleven points or six camera tickets triggers action. Law targets reckless drivers. Streets may get safer for those outside the car.

Senate bill S 4045, sponsored by Andrew Gounardes and co-sponsored by over two dozen senators, passed committee votes on June 11 and June 12, 2025. The bill, titled 'Relates to requiring the installation of intelligent speed assistance devices for repeated violation of maximum speed limits,' mandates these devices for drivers who rack up eleven or more points in 24 months, or six speed or red light camera tickets in a year. The measure aims to curb repeat dangerous driving. Senators including Jamaal Bailey, Jabari Brisport, and others voted yes. The bill targets drivers with a pattern of violations, seeking to cut risk for pedestrians and cyclists by limiting repeat speeding.


12
S 8344 Krueger votes yes to extend school speed zones, improving child pedestrian safety.

Jun 12 - Senate passes S 8344. School speed zone rules in New York City get extended. Lawmakers make technical fixes. The bill keeps pressure on drivers near schools. Streets stay a little safer for kids.

Bill S 8344, titled 'Extends provisions and makes technical corrections to school speed zones in NYC; repealer,' moved through the Senate and Assembly in June 2025. Sponsored by Senator Andrew Gounardes, the bill passed Senate votes on June 12 and June 13, and cleared the Assembly on June 17. The measure extends and corrects school speed zone laws in New York City, repealing outdated provisions. Gounardes led the push, with strong support from most Senate Democrats and a split Assembly. The bill's technical fixes aim to keep protections in place for children and other vulnerable road users near schools. No safety analyst note was provided.


11
S 4045 Krueger co-sponsors bill to boost street safety with speed limiters.

Jun 11 - Senate backs S 4045. Repeat speeders face forced installation of speed assistance tech. Eleven points or six camera tickets triggers action. Law targets reckless drivers. Streets may get safer for those outside the car.

Senate bill S 4045, sponsored by Andrew Gounardes and co-sponsored by over two dozen senators, passed committee votes on June 11 and June 12, 2025. The bill, titled 'Relates to requiring the installation of intelligent speed assistance devices for repeated violation of maximum speed limits,' mandates these devices for drivers who rack up eleven or more points in 24 months, or six speed or red light camera tickets in a year. The measure aims to curb repeat dangerous driving. Senators including Jamaal Bailey, Jabari Brisport, and others voted yes. The bill targets drivers with a pattern of violations, seeking to cut risk for pedestrians and cyclists by limiting repeat speeding.


11
S 4045 Krueger votes yes in committee, boosting street safety by curbing repeat speeders.

Jun 11 - Senate backs S 4045. Repeat speeders face forced installation of speed assistance tech. Eleven points or six camera tickets triggers action. Law targets reckless drivers. Streets may get safer for those outside the car.

Senate bill S 4045, sponsored by Andrew Gounardes and co-sponsored by over two dozen senators, passed committee votes on June 11 and June 12, 2025. The bill, titled 'Relates to requiring the installation of intelligent speed assistance devices for repeated violation of maximum speed limits,' mandates these devices for drivers who rack up eleven or more points in 24 months, or six speed or red light camera tickets in a year. The measure aims to curb repeat dangerous driving. Senators including Jamaal Bailey, Jabari Brisport, and others voted yes. The bill targets drivers with a pattern of violations, seeking to cut risk for pedestrians and cyclists by limiting repeat speeding.


8
City Eyes 34th Street Car Ban Plan

Jun 8 - City wants cars off 34th Street. Residents fear traffic will flood side streets. Bus riders crawl at five miles an hour. Officials tout safety gains from 14th Street. Tension rises between speed, safety, and neighborhood calm.

The New York Post (2025-06-08) reports that the city proposes restricting cars on 34th Street to create a busway between 3rd and 9th Avenues. Residents worry rerouted vehicles will jam local streets and worsen safety. Jessica Lavoie of the Murray Hill Neighborhood Association warns, "diverting traffic from this critical corridor onto narrow residential streets would lead to increased congestion, safety hazards, and diminished quality of life." The Department of Transportation aims to replicate the 14th Street busway, which "reduced congestion, sped up bus travel and curbed accidents." The article highlights the ongoing struggle to balance efficient transit, tunnel access, and neighborhood safety. No specific driver errors are cited, but the plan underscores the systemic risks of shifting car traffic onto residential blocks.


2
Cyclists Rally Against NYPD Crackdown

Jun 2 - Hundreds rode through Manhattan. They protested NYPD’s push to criminalize minor bike infractions. Delivery riders, many undocumented, face court summonses for sidewalk riding and red lights. Judges toss charges. Police say it’s about compliance. Riders say it’s about targeting.

West Side Spirit reported on June 2, 2025, that hundreds of cyclists protested in Manhattan against the NYPD’s new policy of issuing criminal court summonses for minor bike infractions. The crackdown targets delivery workers, especially undocumented riders, for offenses like sidewalk riding and nonstandard bike setups. NYPD Commissioner Jessica Tisch defended the move, stating, 'When it comes to traffic safety, compliance is not optional.' Protesters and advocates argue the policy is discriminatory and escalates minor violations, risking severe consequences for vulnerable workers. Ben Furnas of Transportation Alternatives called it 'really inappropriate escalation.' The article highlights confusion over traffic rules and the risk of criminalization for actions previously handled as civil matters, raising questions about enforcement priorities and the impact on immigrant communities.