Crash Count for East Midtown-Turtle Bay
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 1,642
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 981
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 210
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 16
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 4
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Oct 30, 2025
Carnage in East Midtown-Turtle Bay
Detailed breakdowns aren’t yet available for this year slice; totals below reflect the selected window.
Killed 4
+1
Crush Injuries 2
Head 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Severe Bleeding 7
Head 5
Lower arm/hand 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Severe Lacerations 5
Face 2
Head 2
Lower leg/foot 1
Concussion 4
Head 2
Back 1
Neck 1
Whiplash 23
Neck 12
+7
Back 6
+1
Head 2
Lower leg/foot 1
Whole body 1
Contusion/Bruise 48
Lower leg/foot 17
+12
Lower arm/hand 7
+2
Head 6
+1
Shoulder/upper arm 5
Face 4
Whole body 3
Back 2
Hip/upper leg 2
Chest 1
Neck 1
Abrasion 51
Lower arm/hand 15
+10
Lower leg/foot 13
+8
Head 7
+2
Face 5
Shoulder/upper arm 5
Chest 2
Back 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Neck 1
Whole body 1
Pain/Nausea 13
Lower leg/foot 4
Hip/upper leg 3
Head 2
Lower arm/hand 1
Neck 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Oct 30, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in East Midtown-Turtle Bay?

Preventable Speeding in East Midtown-Turtle Bay School Zones

(since 2022)

East Midtown’s daily toll, written in sirens

East Midtown-Turtle Bay: Jan 1, 2022 - Oct 20, 2025

Just before midnight at E 47th and 3rd, a driver in a sedan hit a person walking at the intersection on Oct 5, 2025. Police logged an injury and moved on (NYC Open Data).

This Week

  • A driver turning left at E 56th and 2nd hit a person on a bike on Sep 26 (NYC Open Data).
  • On Sep 13 at Lexington and E 59th, a motorcycle rider going straight hit a person walking in the crosswalk; police cited unsafe speed (NYC Open Data).
  • On Sep 5 near E 57th, a driver hit an 81‑year‑old woman walking outside the crosswalk; she was listed unconscious (NYC Open Data).

The count here does not stop

Since 2022, 4 people have been killed and 977 injured in East Midtown–Turtle Bay. The roll includes people walking, biking, and riding in cars, across 1,630 crashes (NYC Open Data).

In the past year, deaths climbed to 3, with 243 injured across 433 crashes. This year to date, crashes are 325, with 189 injured and one death recorded in this area (NYC Open Data).

Corners that keep bleeding

Two corridors stand out: FDR Drive (2 deaths, 70 injuries) and E 59th Street (2 deaths, 44 injuries). First and Second avenues each stack dozens more injuries (NYC Open Data, small‑area analysis).

Harm peaks late afternoon. Injuries crest around 4–5 PM. Deaths appear in the morning and again at night. Police reports list unsafe speed, failure to yield, and red‑light disregard among the recorded causes here (NYC Open Data, hourly and factors).

People on foot and on bikes take the worst of it. Since 2022, police logged 257 injuries and 3 deaths among people walking here, and 228 injuries among people on bikes (NYC Open Data, small‑area analysis).

Promises on 34th. Pain on 47th.

On 34th Street, the city pledged a car‑free busway as part of a rezoning deal. Council Member Keith Powers pushed for it: “I’m glad that we were able to secure a commitment on the 34th Street busway” (Streetsblog NYC; Gothamist; AMNY). Fewer cars and more space for people on 34th will help bus riders and walkers there. The crashes listed above happened uptown and east of that promise.

Stop the repeat speeders

Albany has a bill for the drivers who rack up violations. The Senate’s S 4045 would require intelligent speed limiters for repeat offenders; State Senator Liz Krueger co‑sponsored it and voted yes in committee (Open States). The Assembly’s A 2299 is the companion; Assembly Member Alex Bores is a co‑sponsor (Open States).

Local fixes are on the table. Harden left turns on Second and Lexington. Daylight corners on E 59th. Target speeding at the afternoon peak and at night when deaths spike. These are standard moves when failure to yield and unsafe speed keep showing up in the reports (NYC Open Data, factors and hourly).

What has to happen now

The bodies keep landing on the same avenues. The laws to slow the worst drivers are written. The council and the state have names and numbers attached.

One corner at a time won’t be enough. Pass the speed‑limiter bill. Back it with slower default speeds and the street fixes listed above. Then check 47th and 3rd again.

Take one step today. Tell your officials to act. Start here.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is this happening?
East Midtown–Turtle Bay in Manhattan, within NYPD’s 17th Precinct. Streets cited here include E 47th St and 3rd Ave, E 56th St and 2nd Ave, Lexington Ave at E 59th St, and the E 57th St area, all from the NYC crash database.
How many people have been hurt or killed here since 2022?
According to NYC Open Data, 4 people have been killed and 977 injured across 1,630 crashes in East Midtown–Turtle Bay during 2022‑01‑01 to 2025‑10‑20.
What’s driving the danger?
Police reports in this area cite unsafe speed, failure to yield, inattention/distraction, and disregarding traffic control among recorded factors. Harm concentrates on FDR Drive and E 59th Street, with additional clusters on First and Second avenues, and injuries peak in late afternoon.
Who can fix this?
Locally: NYC DOT and NYPD for design and enforcement; Council Member Keith Powers for policy backing. In Albany: State Senator Liz Krueger (Senate District 28) and Assembly Member Alex Bores (Assembly District 73), who are on record supporting speed‑limiter bills S 4045 and A 2299.
How were these numbers calculated?
We used NYC Open Data’s Motor Vehicle Collisions datasets (Crashes h9gi‑nx95, Persons f55k‑p6yu, Vehicles bm4k‑52h4). Filters: date 2022‑01‑01 to 2025‑10‑20; geography: East Midtown–Turtle Bay (NTA MN0604); modes and severities as reported by NYPD. Data were accessed Oct 20, 2025. You can start from the crashes dataset here and apply the same filters.
What is CrashCount?
We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Citations

Other Representatives

Assembly Member Alex Bores

District 73

Twitter: @AlexBores

Council Member Keith Powers

District 4

State Senator Liz Krueger

District 28

Other Geographies

East Midtown-Turtle Bay East Midtown-Turtle Bay sits in Manhattan, Precinct 17, District 4, AD 73, SD 28, Manhattan CB6.

See also
Boroughs
City Council Districts
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for East Midtown-Turtle Bay

11
S 4045 Krueger co-sponsors bill to boost street safety with speed limiters.

Jun 11 - Senate backs S 4045. Repeat speeders face forced installation of speed assistance tech. Eleven points or six camera tickets triggers action. Law targets reckless drivers. Streets may get safer for those outside the car.

Senate bill S 4045, sponsored by Andrew Gounardes and co-sponsored by over two dozen senators, passed committee votes on June 11 and June 12, 2025. The bill, titled 'Relates to requiring the installation of intelligent speed assistance devices for repeated violation of maximum speed limits,' mandates these devices for drivers who rack up eleven or more points in 24 months, or six speed or red light camera tickets in a year. The measure aims to curb repeat dangerous driving. Senators including Jamaal Bailey, Jabari Brisport, and others voted yes. The bill targets drivers with a pattern of violations, seeking to cut risk for pedestrians and cyclists by limiting repeat speeding.


11
S 4045 Krueger votes yes in committee, boosting street safety by curbing repeat speeders.

Jun 11 - Senate backs S 4045. Repeat speeders face forced installation of speed assistance tech. Eleven points or six camera tickets triggers action. Law targets reckless drivers. Streets may get safer for those outside the car.

Senate bill S 4045, sponsored by Andrew Gounardes and co-sponsored by over two dozen senators, passed committee votes on June 11 and June 12, 2025. The bill, titled 'Relates to requiring the installation of intelligent speed assistance devices for repeated violation of maximum speed limits,' mandates these devices for drivers who rack up eleven or more points in 24 months, or six speed or red light camera tickets in a year. The measure aims to curb repeat dangerous driving. Senators including Jamaal Bailey, Jabari Brisport, and others voted yes. The bill targets drivers with a pattern of violations, seeking to cut risk for pedestrians and cyclists by limiting repeat speeding.


11
S 7678 Krueger votes yes to expand school speed cameras, boosting pedestrian safety.

Jun 11 - White Plains gets speed cameras near schools. Lawmakers move fast. Most vote yes. Cameras catch drivers who endanger kids. Program ends 2030. Streets may slow. Danger faces children every day.

Senate Bill S 7678, sponsored by Shelley Mayer, establishes a school speed zone camera demonstration program in White Plains. The bill passed the Senate on June 11, 2025, and the Assembly on June 16, 2025. The matter reads: 'Establishes a school speed zone camera demonstration program in the city of White Plains; repeals authorization of program December 31, 2030.' Mayer led the push. Most senators and assembly members voted yes. The bill aims to catch speeding drivers near schools, a known threat to children and families. No safety analyst note was provided.


11
S 7785 Krueger votes yes to weaken bus rules, increasing pedestrian and cyclist risk.

Jun 11 - Senate passed S 7785. The bill carves out large Mitchell-Lama housing from bus traffic rules. Lawmakers voted yes. The carve-out weakens enforcement. Streets grow less safe for people on foot and bike.

Bill S 7785, titled 'Relates to bus operation-related traffic regulations,' passed the Senate and Assembly in June 2025. The measure, sponsored by Senator Jamaal Bailey, excludes violations in cooperative housing developments with at least 10,000 Mitchell-Lama units from bus operation traffic regulations. The bill advanced through committee and received broad support in both chambers. By exempting these large complexes, the law weakens traffic enforcement where thousands live. This move increases risk to pedestrians and cyclists, stripping away protections that save lives. Vulnerable road users lose another layer of safety in dense city streets.


11
S 7785 Krueger votes yes to weaken bus rules, increasing pedestrian and cyclist risk.

Jun 11 - Senate passed S 7785. The bill carves out large Mitchell-Lama housing from bus traffic rules. Lawmakers voted yes. The carve-out weakens enforcement. Streets grow less safe for people on foot and bike.

Bill S 7785, titled 'Relates to bus operation-related traffic regulations,' passed the Senate and Assembly in June 2025. The measure, sponsored by Senator Jamaal Bailey, excludes violations in cooperative housing developments with at least 10,000 Mitchell-Lama units from bus operation traffic regulations. The bill advanced through committee and received broad support in both chambers. By exempting these large complexes, the law weakens traffic enforcement where thousands live. This move increases risk to pedestrians and cyclists, stripping away protections that save lives. Vulnerable road users lose another layer of safety in dense city streets.


11
Int 1312-2025 Powers co-sponsors e-bike speed limit bill, potentially worsening street safety.

Jun 11 - Council bill aims to slow e-bikes to 15 mph. Sponsors say it will cut risk on crowded streets. The measure now sits with the transportation committee. No vote yet. Vulnerable road users wait.

Bill Int 1312-2025 was introduced June 11, 2025, and referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. The bill, titled 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to lowering the speed limit for bicycles with electric assist,' proposes a 15 mph cap for e-bikes. Council Members Farah N. Louis (primary), Frank Morano, Linda Lee, Mercedes Narcisse, and Keith Powers sponsored the measure. The summary states, 'This bill would lower the speed limit for e-bikes to 15 miles per hour.' The bill is pending in committee. No safety analyst assessment was provided.


11
Powers Opposes E Bike Speed Reductions Despite Safety Concerns

Jun 11 - StreetsPAC picks Brad Lander for mayor. They praise his sweeping plan for safer streets and better transit. The group rejects weak promises. They demand bold action to protect people outside cars. Lander vows real change for New Yorkers.

On June 11, 2025, StreetsPAC, a political action committee for livable streets, endorsed Brad Lander for New York City mayor. The endorsement, reported by Streetsblog NYC and covered by Gersh Kuntzman, followed a review of candidate plans. StreetsPAC called Lander’s proposal 'by far the most comprehensive blueprint ... we've ever seen from a candidate for any office.' Lander promised more protected bike lanes, a citywide Bus Rapid Transit network, and using congestion pricing revenue for busways and bikeways. He pledged six-minute service on subways and buses and action on street homelessness. StreetsPAC’s endorsement signals strong support for policies that prioritize vulnerable road users. Their safety analyst noted: 'A comprehensive plan for safer streets and better public transit typically prioritizes vulnerable road users, supports mode shift, and aligns with best practices for population-level safety improvements.'


10
Box Truck Backs Into Cyclist on 3rd Avenue

Jun 10 - A box truck reversed on 3rd Avenue. The driver failed to yield. A cyclist, riding straight, struck the truck’s rear. She suffered injuries to her leg and knee. The crash left her in shock. Systemic danger, driver inattention, and failure to yield collided.

A box truck, backing south on 3rd Avenue at East 45th Street, struck a westbound cyclist. According to the police report, the cyclist, a 43-year-old woman, was injured in the knee and lower leg and experienced shock. The truck driver, a 60-year-old man, was not injured. The report lists 'Failure to Yield Right-of-Way' and 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as contributing factors. The cyclist was traveling straight when the truck reversed into her path. No helmet or signaling issues are cited as factors. The crash highlights the danger when large vehicles move unpredictably and drivers fail to yield to vulnerable road users.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4819418 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-11-03
10
S 8117 Krueger votes yes on school speed cameras, boosting safety for children.

Jun 10 - Senate backs S 8117. Oneida County gets school speed zone cameras. Law sunsets in 2030. Lawmakers act. Streets near schools may slow. Children walk safer. Drivers face new eyes.

Senate bill S 8117, titled 'Establishes a school speed zone camera demonstration program in the county of Oneida,' passed committee votes on May 27 and June 10, 2025. The bill, sponsored by Senator Joseph A. Griffo (District 53), sets up speed cameras near schools in Oneida County. The program ends December 31, 2030. The Senate voted yes, with only two no votes and several excused. The measure aims to slow drivers near schools and protect children. No safety analyst note was provided. The bill now moves forward in the legislative process.


10
Powers Supports Misguided E-Bike Speed Limit Over Car Safety

Jun 10 - City leaders move to slow e-bikes but leave car speed limits untouched. Council Member Powers pushes a 15 mph cap for e-bikes. Mayor Adams backs the crackdown. Cars, the real killers, roll on. Advocates call out the city’s misplaced priorities.

On June 10, 2025, Council Member Keith Powers introduced a bill to lower e-bike speed limits to 15 miles per hour, following Mayor Adams’s call for action. The measure, discussed in the Council but not yet assigned a bill number or committee, comes as Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch launches a crackdown on cyclists. Powers said, "I am interested in all measures that might address keeping our street experience here in the city feeling much safer and slowing down any vehicle or device or instrument that could hurt someone." Despite state authority to lower car speed limits, neither the mayor nor the Council act to curb car speeds citywide. Advocates and some officials slam the focus on e-bikes, pointing to data: cars and trucks cause nearly all pedestrian injuries. The safety analyst notes no direct safety impact for vulnerable users, as no specific policy change is enacted. The city’s priorities remain clear—and deadly.


9
Driver Arrested After West Village Hit-and-Run

Jun 9 - A driver ran a red light, struck a cyclist, then reversed and fled. The crash hurled the bike onto the sidewalk. The cyclist lay bleeding, bones shattered, memory gone. Witnesses watched in shock. Police later arrested the fleeing driver.

ABC7 reported on June 9, 2025, that police arrested Shannon Nunez, 37, for leaving the scene after hitting a cyclist at 5th Avenue and West 13th Street. The article states, "Witnesses say the driver had just blown through a red light," before striking Myung Jin Chung, 52, and fleeing in reverse. The impact left Chung with severe injuries: broken bones, a concussion, and memory loss. He required 16 hours of surgery. Video captured the driver fleeing. The incident highlights the dangers of red-light running and hit-and-run crashes. The arrest follows public concern over driver accountability and street safety in Manhattan.


9
S 915 Krueger co-sponsors bill boosting street safety for all users.

Jun 9 - Senate passes S 915. Bill demands safe roads for all. Complete street design at its core. Cyclists, walkers, and riders get a fighting chance. Vote split, but the message is clear: streets must serve people, not just cars.

Senate Bill S 915, titled 'Enables safe access to public roads for all users by utilizing complete street design principles,' passed committee on June 9, 2025. The bill, sponsored by Sean Ryan (District 61) with co-sponsors Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., Samra Brouk, Leroy Comrie, Patricia Fahy, Pete Harckham, Robert Jackson, Liz Krueger, and Christopher Ryan, pushes for roads built for everyone. The Senate voted, with most in favor and a block opposed. The bill's language is blunt: roads must be safe for all, not just drivers. No safety analyst note was provided, but the intent is clear—prioritize vulnerable road users in every street plan.


9
S 915 Krueger votes yes, boosting street safety and access for everyone.

Jun 9 - Senate passes S 915. Bill demands safe roads for all. Complete street design at its core. Cyclists, walkers, and riders get a fighting chance. Vote split, but the message is clear: streets must serve people, not just cars.

Senate Bill S 915, titled 'Enables safe access to public roads for all users by utilizing complete street design principles,' passed committee on June 9, 2025. The bill, sponsored by Sean Ryan (District 61) with co-sponsors Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., Samra Brouk, Leroy Comrie, Patricia Fahy, Pete Harckham, Robert Jackson, Liz Krueger, and Christopher Ryan, pushes for roads built for everyone. The Senate voted, with most in favor and a block opposed. The bill's language is blunt: roads must be safe for all, not just drivers. No safety analyst note was provided, but the intent is clear—prioritize vulnerable road users in every street plan.


9
S 915 Krueger votes yes, boosting street safety and access for everyone.

Jun 9 - Senate passes S 915. Bill demands safe roads for all. Complete street design at its core. Cyclists, walkers, and riders get a fighting chance. Vote split, but the message is clear: streets must serve people, not just cars.

Senate Bill S 915, titled 'Enables safe access to public roads for all users by utilizing complete street design principles,' passed committee on June 9, 2025. The bill, sponsored by Sean Ryan (District 61) with co-sponsors Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., Samra Brouk, Leroy Comrie, Patricia Fahy, Pete Harckham, Robert Jackson, Liz Krueger, and Christopher Ryan, pushes for roads built for everyone. The Senate voted, with most in favor and a block opposed. The bill's language is blunt: roads must be safe for all, not just drivers. No safety analyst note was provided, but the intent is clear—prioritize vulnerable road users in every street plan.


8
Driver Loses Consciousness, Two Sedans Collide Midtown

Jun 8 - Two sedans crashed on Lexington Avenue. One driver injured. Police cite lost consciousness. Metal and glass met at the center front. Midtown shook. No pedestrians or cyclists involved.

A crash involving two sedans unfolded on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan. One driver, age 70, was injured. According to the police report, 'Lost Consciousness' was listed as a contributing factor. Both vehicles struck at the center front. The report notes no pedestrians or cyclists were involved. Driver error—loss of consciousness—stands out as the cause. No mention of helmet or signal use. The crash left one driver incoherent and hurt, while others escaped with unspecified injuries.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4822718 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-11-03
8
City Eyes 34th Street Car Ban Plan

Jun 8 - City wants cars off 34th Street. Residents fear traffic will flood side streets. Bus riders crawl at five miles an hour. Officials tout safety gains from 14th Street. Tension rises between speed, safety, and neighborhood calm.

The New York Post (2025-06-08) reports that the city proposes restricting cars on 34th Street to create a busway between 3rd and 9th Avenues. Residents worry rerouted vehicles will jam local streets and worsen safety. Jessica Lavoie of the Murray Hill Neighborhood Association warns, "diverting traffic from this critical corridor onto narrow residential streets would lead to increased congestion, safety hazards, and diminished quality of life." The Department of Transportation aims to replicate the 14th Street busway, which "reduced congestion, sped up bus travel and curbed accidents." The article highlights the ongoing struggle to balance efficient transit, tunnel access, and neighborhood safety. No specific driver errors are cited, but the plan underscores the systemic risks of shifting car traffic onto residential blocks.


7
NYPD Pursuit Ends In Fatal Fire

Jun 7 - A police chase tore through Upper Manhattan. A crash. Flames. Francisco Guzman Parra died trapped in the wreck. Officers drove past, never stopped. Video shows the moment. No help came for minutes. The street bore the cost.

Patch reported on June 7, 2025, that NYPD officers pursued Francisco Guzman Parra from The Bronx to Upper Manhattan. Security video shows the pursued SUV crashing and catching fire at Dyckman Street. Officers arrived seconds later but did not stop, instead driving away as flames grew. Guzman Parra died in the fire. The article quotes Guzman's sister: "No help was offered, and then how long he burned for." Officers were suspended after the incident. A police union spokesperson claimed officers could not see the wreck. The department is reviewing whether officers failed to report the deadly crash. The case raises questions about NYPD pursuit protocols and response obligations.


6
Powers Supports Misguided E-Bike 15 MPH Speed Limit

Jun 6 - Council Member Keith Powers pushes a 15 mph e-bike speed cap. Critics warn it targets cyclists, not drivers. Enforcement falls hardest on people of color. Safety experts say the move misses real dangers. Streets stay deadly for the most vulnerable.

On June 6, 2025, Manhattan Council Member Keith Powers announced plans to introduce legislation lowering e-bike speed limits to 15 miles per hour. The bill, not yet numbered or assigned to committee, follows Mayor Adams's push to address what he calls street 'chaos.' Powers said, 'Biking is a crucial tool to tackle the climate crisis... but we also must address the well-documented concerns about safety.' He proposes a $50 penalty for violations. Critics, including Ben Furnas of Transportation Alternatives, call the measure 'half-baked and ill-conceived,' warning it escalates the city's 'misguided war on biking.' Safety analyst notes show the policy may discourage cycling, reducing mode shift from cars and undermining safety in numbers. Enforcement has historically targeted Black and brown cyclists, while drivers—responsible for most deaths—face lighter penalties. The bill risks making streets less safe for those outside cars.


2
Cyclists Protest NYPD Crackdown in Manhattan

Jun 2 - Hundreds rode through Manhattan. Police targeted cyclists, not reckless drivers. Riders stopped at every light, exposed the law’s absurdity. One cyclist jailed for lacking ID. Drivers who injure go free. Cyclists demand fair treatment, safety, respect.

Streetsblog NYC reported on June 2, 2025, that hundreds of New Yorkers joined a mass ride to protest the NYPD’s intensified enforcement against cyclists. The demonstration, which began at Union Square, challenged new policies issuing criminal summonses for minor cycling offenses. Riders followed traffic laws, highlighting the crackdown’s contradictions. One cyclist, Erin Poland, said the policy 'is not actually protecting cyclists [but] putting them in more danger.' Another, Tara Pham, noted, 'I’ve been hit by vehicles twice... those drivers face no criminal charges.' The article details how police arrested a Citi Bike rider for not moving aside and lacking ID, while drivers who injure vulnerable road users often avoid serious consequences. The piece underscores the disparity in enforcement and questions the effectiveness and fairness of current NYPD tactics.


31
E-Bike Riders Protest NYPD Crackdown

May 31 - Hundreds rode through Manhattan. They called out harsh summonses for e-bike riders. Police target cyclists with criminal charges for minor traffic moves. Drivers get tickets. Riders face court. The city’s rules hit the vulnerable. The streets stay dangerous.

Gothamist (2025-05-31) reports on a protest in Lower Manhattan against the NYPD’s policy of issuing criminal summonses to e-bike riders for traffic violations like running red lights or riding against traffic. Cyclists and advocates argue the penalties are harsher than those faced by drivers for similar actions. As one protester said, “It seems unfair to me that cyclists should receive a higher penalty for doing the same thing that a person in a car would do.” Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch defended the crackdown, citing the lack of licensing for e-bikes as a challenge for enforcement, but acknowledged the need for legislative reform. The article highlights inconsistent enforcement and the risks faced by vulnerable road users, especially delivery workers. Policy gaps and unequal penalties expose systemic danger on city streets.