This page shows side‑by‑side drafts generated using the modular reporter prompts.

Source summary: tmp/experiments_runs/reporter-variants-2/summary.json

Variant Summary (averages)

VariantAvg Score (1–10)Poignancy PassAvg Cost
default5.73/3 (100%)$0.06
editor_nudges6.33/3 (100%)$0.07
freeform_arc5.73/3 (100%)$0.06

Detailed Runs

GeoVariantTitleWordsQuotesLinksUnmatched DomainsAuto PassPoignancyEditor Score (1–10)Cost
citywide-nycdefaultNew York City: Queens and Brooklyn break under the wheel746000❌✅6.0$0.06
citywide-nyceditor_nudgesNew York City: Death on South Conduit, and the City That Lets It Happen603000❌✅7.0$0.06
citywide-nycfreeform_arcNew York City: Two a.m. on South Conduit465000❌✅5.0$0.06
council-39defaultOcean Parkway, the BQE, and the park roads: four dead, 589 hurt in Council District 39494000❌✅4.0$0.07
council-39editor_nudgesDistrict 39: 02 a.m.640000❌✅6.0$0.07
council-39freeform_arcDistrict 39: 02 a.m.579000❌✅6.0$0.07
senate-23defaultSD 23: A bus, a turn, a body on the pavement669000❌✅7.0$0.07
senate-23editor_nudgesSD 23: 12 p.m. A body hits a door. He does not get up.611000❌✅6.0$0.07
senate-23freeform_arcSD 23: five dead, 1,259 hurt since 2022552000❌✅6.2$0.07

default

New York City: Queens and Brooklyn break under the wheel

Two men stood at a food cart in Astoria. A Toyota came fast. It left the roadway and hit the truck. The men died there. The driver died too. Police said the 84-year-old had suffered a stroke two weeks earlier and was told not to drive, according to amNY. “I have never seen anything like this,” an eyewitness told the paper. CBS said the car “slammed into the men” as they ordered food at the truck in Queens. Two pedestrians and the driver were killed, reported CBS New York.

A mile from JFK, a driver hit a 52‑year‑old man at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue at 2:30 a.m. The driver fled. Detectives from the Collision Investigation Squad took the case, said Gothamist. City data lists the man as a pedestrian killed there that night (NYC Open Data).

In Brooklyn, Ocean Parkway met Avenue C. A southbound Toyota SUV merged and struck a 45‑year‑old woman who was crossing with no signal or crosswalk. She died of crush injuries to the head, the city’s crash log shows (NYC Open Data).

Queens food cart, three dead

Police told reporters the Astoria crash killed 41‑year‑old Joaquin Venancio‑Mendez and 70‑year‑old Santiago Baires. The 84‑year‑old driver also died, according to amNY’s report. CBS said witnesses described a speeding car that “slammed into the men” at the truck (CBS New York).

The street filled with debris. Names moved to the ledger. The truck went cold.

By JFK, a body and a missing driver

The hit came at 155th and South Conduit before dawn. The man was taken to Jamaica Hospital and pronounced dead, said Gothamist. The driver kept going. The city’s database records a pedestrian killed there at that time (NYC Open Data).

No arrest is listed in the data. Only the time. The place. One more crosswalk left empty.

Ocean Parkway, another strike

The SUV’s point of impact was the center front. The woman’s injury was listed as crush injuries. Death at the scene, the log says. Location: Ocean Parkway at Avenue C. Vehicle: Toyota SUV, 2023. Movement: merging. Action listed for the pedestrian: crossing, no signal, or crosswalk (NYC Open Data).

Three lines. Three families.

The pattern does not stop

Elsewhere, a Queens driver went the wrong way down the Clearview Expressway and hit five cars. “Joseph Lee terrorized other drivers as he purposefully drove the wrong way,” said Queens DA Melinda Katz, after he was sentenced to eight years (amNY). “Two motorists were badly hurt and still have not fully recovered,” she said. Lee told police: “I entered the Clearview Expressway in the wrong direction because I wanted to hurt people and I felt ‘liberated’ by what I had done.” He also said, “You want to fight?” (amNY).

Citywide, 182 people have been killed on our streets in this coverage period, with 32,764 injured. SUVs and cars account for most pedestrian deaths and injuries in the dataset (NYC Open Data).

Power picks winners. The street takes the rest.

Prosecutors say a top City Hall aide meddled with a protected bike‑lane plan on McGuinness Boulevard after getting perks from power brokers. The case is now in court. The reporting ties that interference to a redesign on a corridor where a teacher was killed in 2021 (Gothamist).

Decisions made far from the curb. Bodies left on it.

What we owe the living

Lower speeds save lives. New York now has the power to set safer limits. Habitual speeders need hard stops.

If you want fewer names in the log, tell City Hall what must change. Ask for a 20 mph default and speed limiters for repeat offenders. Start here: /take_action/.

FAQ

  • Q: Where did these recent deaths happen? A: Astoria (two pedestrians and the driver at a food truck), near JFK at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue (a 52-year-old pedestrian in a hit-and-run), and on Ocean Parkway at Avenue C (a 45-year-old woman struck while crossing). Sources: CBS New York; amNY; Gothamist; NYC Open Data.
  • Q: Did police release details in the JFK case? A: Gothamist reported the driver fled after striking the 52-year-old man at 2:30 a.m., and that the Collision Investigation Squad is investigating. The city crash database records the fatality at that time and place.
  • Q: What did officials say about the Clearview wrong-way case? A: Queens DA Melinda Katz said, “Joseph Lee terrorized other drivers,” and noted two motorists were badly hurt and still recovering. Lee told police he drove the wrong way to hurt people and felt “liberated.” Source: amNY.
  • Q: How many people were killed citywide in this period? A: According to NYC Open Data compiled for this coverage window, 182 people were killed and 32,764 were injured.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: citywide-nyc

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 6
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare, unsentimental; avoids melodrama; lands with honest urgency. A few anthropomorphic abstractions lessen the hard edge.
  • Persuasiveness: ✅ — Strong urgency and clear CTA; ties incidents to broader toll. Some claims verge on inference (e.g., debris imagery, “street keeps killing”). Policy link present but could use explicit, sourced stats on speed or SUVs from context to strengt…
  • Interest: ✅ — High narrative drive; varied scenes; punchy subheads. Wrong‑way case adds tension. Some repetition of incident details; could tighten.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Muscular, spare sentences; vivid yet mostly concrete. Occasional abstract lines (“Power picks winners”; “The street takes the rest”) drift from show‑don’t‑tell.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Risky. Several specifics may exceed provided data: named victims and medical history from amNY are fine if that article states them; CBS paraphrase and quotes are okay if exactly in source. Ocean Parkway section asserts vehicle year, movem…
  • Recommendations:
    • Force citation binding: require each incident to include a unique record identifier or direct permalink (crash ID, date/time, location filters) from NYC Open Data and exact quote timestamps/wording from press links; ban generic dataset lin…
    • Constrain language to observable facts only: prohibit metaphorical or inferential lines (e.g., “the street keeps killing,” “names moved to the ledger,” debris descriptions) unless explicitly reported in sources; add a lint rule to flag uns…
    • Quant method block in prompt: when giving citywide totals or vehicle involvement shares, require a brief methodology note (time window, fields, filters) and a link to a saved view/export in citations; if such aggregation isn’t in context, …

editor_nudges

New York City: Death on South Conduit, and the City That Lets It Happen

Just after 2:30 a.m. at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue, a driver hit a 52‑year‑old man and sped off, police said (Gothamist).

He was one of 182 people killed on New York City streets in this period (NYC Open Data). In Queens South alone, police counted 17 traffic deaths through Aug. 10 (Gothamist).

The toll does not rest

On Aug. 12 in Astoria, an 84‑year‑old driver lost control and slammed into a food truck, killing himself and two men. Police said the car “careened at a high speed into a nearby food truck, ramming into two men” (amNY). CBS said the pedestrians were ordering food when the car hit them (CBS New York).

Three days earlier, Aug. 9, an SUV merging on Ocean Parkway struck and killed a 45‑year‑old woman near Avenue C (NYC Open Data).

Aug. 11 on the Bronx River Parkway, two moped riders were ejected and killed in a multi-vehicle crash (NYC Open Data).

Patterns we can name

Hit‑and‑run at a dark corner by the airport. A curb jump into a line of people waiting for breakfast. A highway tangle that throws riders into steel and air. The map changes; the bodies do not.

Queens prosecutors described a different kind of charge. “Joseph Lee terrorized other drivers as he purposefully drove the wrong way on a busy Queens highway and crashed into multiple cars,” said District Attorney Melinda Katz after an eight‑year sentence in a wrong‑way case (amNY).

Citywide, SUVs and cars are the blunt instrument. They account for most pedestrian harm this period: 4,780 pedestrian injuries and 69 deaths tied to passenger vehicles, with SUVs alone linked to 1,802 pedestrian injuries and 41 deaths (NYC Open Data).

Power chose speed

Prosecutors say City Hall interference reached into street design. A former top adviser to the mayor is accused of meddling in a plan for protected bike lanes on McGuinness Boulevard after taking money and favors (Gothamist). Another report laid out the indictments in detail and noted the redesign would have reduced lanes and added protection for people on bikes (Gothamist).

A corridor where a teacher died in 2021 waited while access and influence won meetings. The street stayed wide. The people stayed exposed (Gothamist).

Slow the cars. Stop the worst.

The tools are on the table. Lower the default speed limit citywide. Force repeat offenders to use speed limiters. New York has the power to set safer speeds and to require intelligent speed assistance for drivers who rack up violations. Both steps are laid out here with ways to press your officials (Take Action).

The crashes above are not outliers. They are the weather. The Council and Albany can cut the wind. Start by slowing every street and reining in the drivers who won’t.

Take one step today. Tell your representatives to act (Take Action).

FAQ

  • Q: Where and when did the JFK hit-and-run happen? A: Around 2:30 a.m. on Aug. 13, at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue in Springfield Gardens. Police said the driver fled the scene (Gothamist).
  • Q: How many people have been killed on NYC streets in this period? A: At least 182 people, based on NYC Open Data for crashes, persons, and vehicles during the covered timeframe (NYC Open Data).
  • Q: What kinds of vehicles are harming pedestrians most? A: Passenger vehicles — cars and SUVs — account for the largest share of pedestrian harm in this period, including 4,780 injuries and 69 deaths linked to these vehicles (NYC Open Data).
  • Q: What policies could cut these deaths now? A: Lower the citywide default speed limit and require intelligent speed assistance for repeat offenders. Both are outlined with actions you can take on our Take Action page (/take_action/).
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: citywide-nyc

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 7
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Unsparing without melodrama; human stakes conveyed with restraint. Avoids victim-blaming.
  • Persuasiveness: ✅ — Strong closing CTA and clear policy asks; concrete crash vignettes support advocacy. Some policy phrasing risks asserting powers not explicitly documented in citations.
  • Interest: ✅ — Tight, vivid scenes and crisp subheads sustain attention. Mix of incidents and prosecution item adds variety.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Spare, muscular prose; short sentences; minimal modifiers; good pacing. Subheads are original and punchy.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Most facts are sourced, but several issues: (1) The “182 people killed this period” lacks a defined timeframe tied to the dataset query. (2) Specific pedestrian injury/death tallies by vehicle class need explicit filter parameters and time…
  • Recommendations:
    • Constrain and surface the exact data window and filters in the prompt and require it in-body: “Query NYC Open Data for 2025-08-01 through 2025-08-25; include a parenthetical methods line after the first stats paragraph listing dataset IDs,…
    • Add a quotes rule: “Only include direct quotes that appear verbatim in the provided sources; after each quote, inline-link to the exact article and, where possible, include speaker, date, and context. If fewer than 3 verifiable quotes exis…
    • Policy claims must be either tied to timeline items or labeled as advocacy: “When stating fixes (lower default speed limit; mandate ISA for habitual speeders), preface with ‘CrashCount advocates’ and link only to internal /take_action/. Do…

freeform_arc

New York City: Two a.m. on South Conduit

Just after 2:26 a.m. at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue in Queens, a driver hit a 52-year-old man and kept going. He died at the hospital. Police said the driver fled.

He is one of 182 people killed on New York City streets since January 2022.

The count does not stop

Since 2022, the city has recorded 52,671 crashes, leaving 32,764 people injured and 491 seriously hurt. SUVs alone have killed 41 pedestrians in that span. Sedans have killed 15.

In Springfield Gardens before dawn, one man on foot died. In Astoria, two men buying food were struck and killed when a car hit a truck; the driver also died, witnesses said it came in at speed (CBS New York, amNY). The names pile up. The pattern holds.

What we allow on our roads

On the Clearview Expressway, a man steered into oncoming traffic and smashed into cars. A judge gave him eight years. The Queens DA said, “Joseph Lee terrorized other drivers.” He told police he went the wrong way “because I wanted to hurt people.” The crashes were not an accident of weather or fate. They were collisions of steel and speed.

At McGuinness Boulevard, prosecutors say a powerful City Hall aide meddled with a bike-lane redesign after taking money and favors. The corridor stayed wider for cars. The protected lanes were delayed. The case is now in court (Gothamist).

The levers in reach

Albany passed a law that lets the city set its own speed limits. The city can drop residential speeds to 20 mph now. That’s what Sammy’s Law enables. Another bill would force the worst repeat speed and red‑light offenders to install tech that keeps their cars from blowing past the limit. It’s the Stop Super Speeders Act.

Mayor Eric Adams, the City Council, and DOT have the pen on speed limits and street designs. The state legislature has the votes on repeat speeders. The facts are not vague. The bodies and the dates are there.

The next move is simple: lower speeds citywide and rein in the super speeders. If you want that to happen, pick up the phone. Here’s how to make the call.

FAQ

  • Q: How many people have been killed on NYC streets during this period? A: City data show 182 people killed from Jan. 1, 2022 through Aug. 25, 2025, with 32,764 injured and 491 seriously injured. Source: NYC Open Data crash, person, and vehicle datasets.
  • Q: What happened near JFK on Aug. 13, 2025? A: Around 2:26 a.m., a driver hit a 52-year-old man at 155th Street and South Conduit Avenue and fled. The man died at Jamaica Hospital. Source: Gothamist, citing NYPD.
  • Q: Do certain vehicle types kill more pedestrians? A: Yes. During this period SUVs are linked to 41 pedestrian deaths and sedans to 15, per NYC Open Data’s vehicle records.
  • Q: What policy changes could reduce deaths now? A: Sammy’s Law lets NYC set lower speed limits, including a 20 mph residential default. The Stop Super Speeders Act would require repeat speeders to install speed-limiting tech. See our Take Action page for details and contacts.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: citywide-nyc

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 5
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare, concrete, avoids melodrama; human impact present without sentimentality.
  • Persuasiveness: ❌ — Strong closing CTA and policy link, but several policy assertions lack explicit, verifiable sourcing in the provided citations, undercutting advocacy credibility.
  • Interest: ✅ — Tight lead and grim scene-setting keep attention; varied Queens incidents sustain interest without filler.
  • Writing quality: ❌ — Lean, concrete, mostly unsparing; clear subheads. A few declaratives verge on editorializing (“The crashes were not an accident of weather or fate”).
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Multiple red flags: NYC Open Data figures appear precise but unverified in-scope; quote “Joseph Lee terrorized other drivers” is attributed to Queens DA but the cited article domain/source metadata are inconsistent, and the piece includes …
  • Recommendations:
    • Require the model to only include figures that it explicitly extracts and filters from a single, cited dataset snapshot provided in context, and to echo the dataset’s exact field names/time filters in parentheses after the first use (e.g.,…
    • Add a hard rule: no policy claims unless a corresponding policy citation is listed in citations and linked inline; if absent, the model must label them as “needed policy directions” without asserting passage/authority (e.g., avoid “Albany …
    • Constrain quotes to verbatim text from listed sources with speaker and outlet/date; require an inline link next to each quote and ban paraphrased attributions like “witnesses said” unless quoted and linked. If fewer than 3 credible quotes …

default

Ocean Parkway, the BQE, and the park roads: four dead, 589 hurt in Council District 39

Four dead. 589 injured. 1,003 crashes in 12 months. That is Council District 39.

Ocean Parkway and the BQE keep taking people

Ocean Parkway logged 1 death and 17 injuries. The BQE shows 1 death and 45 injuries. Prospect Park’s Center Drive saw a cyclist killed. Ditmas Avenue recorded a driver’s death in a parked SUV. These are the top local hotspots in the data.

On August 9, an SUV struck and killed a woman off Avenue C and Ocean Parkway. On June 5, a 71‑year‑old man on a bike died on Center Drive and West Drive. On January 13, a 73‑year‑old driver died on the BQE. The records are blunt. Names are missing. The toll is not.

Nights are cruel; day doesn’t spare anyone

Injuries spike around midnight and in the evening. 12 a.m. saw 45 injuries. 6 p.m. saw 45. Deaths fell at 1 a.m., 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 3 p.m. The clock keeps turning; the harm does not stop. The city’s crash ledger shows it.

Bikes and feet take the hit

A cyclist was killed and 105 cyclists were injured here. 94 pedestrians were hurt; SUVs led pedestrian harm with 43 cases, including 1 death and 1 serious injury. That is just one district. The bodies are people. The numbers are the proof.

Clear the corners. Build the bulb‑outs. Make it stick.

Daylighting—no parking near crosswalks—saves sightlines. A Council bill would ban parking within 20 feet and force DOT to install barriers at 1,000 corners a year. It’s filed as Int 1138‑2024. Another bill, Int 0285‑2024, orders curb extensions at the city’s worst intersections. Electeds have already pushed DOT to do “universal daylighting” with hard materials, not paint. Seven Brooklyn officials said it plainly.

At night, crashes climb. Light the crossings. Keep corners clear. Treat Ocean Parkway, the BQE ramps, and the Prospect Park drives as repeat sites; hit them again and again until the numbers fall.

Stop the worst repeat offenders; slow every street

Albany’s “Stop Super Speeders” push would force speed‑limiters on repeat violators. At a Borough Hall rally, Assembly Member Jo Anne Simon said, “The speed limiter technology is available to us. Let’s use it. It will save lives.” Brooklyn Paper reported it.

Enforcement must hit the right target. As attorney Mariann Wang said about illegal ticketing of cyclists, “This action seeks to ensure the NYPD finally follows the law … and stops unlawfully detaining and prosecuting cyclists when they’ve done nothing wrong.” Streetsblog reported it.

Lower the default speed. Rein in the repeat speeders. Clear every corner. The deaths on Ocean Parkway, the BQE, and the park roads say enough. Act now. /take_action/

FAQ

  • Q: How many people were hurt or killed in Council District 39 recently? A: In the last 12 months tracked, there were 1,003 crashes, with 4 people killed and 589 injured, including cyclists and pedestrians, per NYC Open Data.
  • Q: Where are the worst locations? A: Ocean Parkway (1 death, 17 injuries) and the BQE (1 death, 45 injuries) top the list. Center Drive in Prospect Park and 319 Ditmas Ave also recorded deaths, per NYC Open Data.
  • Q: When do crashes spike? A: Injuries peaked around midnight and 6 p.m. Deaths occurred at 1 a.m., 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 3 p.m., according to the district’s hourly crash data.
  • Q: Who is getting hurt? A: Cyclists saw 1 death and 105 injuries. Pedestrians suffered 94 injuries. SUVs were involved in 43 pedestrian injury cases, including 1 death and 1 serious injury, per NYC Open Data.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.
  • Q: What can I do right now? A: Press City Hall to lower speeds and back speed limiters for repeat offenders. Take one minute and act here: /take_action/.

Citations

Geo: council-39

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 4
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare and unsentimental; avoids melodrama. Human impact is present but restrained. Acceptable.
  • Persuasiveness: ❌ — Advocacy is clear (daylighting, speed limiters, lower default speed), but several assertions rely on unverified or overly broad interpretations of the cited datasets, weakening the case.
  • Interest: ✅ — Tight, punchy prose with concrete locales keeps attention; subheads are specific. Quotes add variety.
  • Writing quality: ❌ — Style is spare and forceful; sections are concise. Some phrasing edges into directive editorializing (“Act now.”) which conflicts with “Do not editorialize.”
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Multiple issues: generic NYC Open Data link used to support granular district stats; specific incidents (dates/locations) not traceable to provided context; hourly distribution figures lack explicit source within context; SUV pedestrian de…
  • Recommendations:
    • Constrain all figures to explicitly cited, scoped datasets from the provided context and link to exact filtered resources. Replace generic NYC Open Data portal links with specific crash extracts for Council District 39 and the 12‑month win…
    • Eliminate untraceable incident vignettes (dates, locations, times) unless they are directly supported by citations in the context. If keeping hourly patterns or vehicle‑type involvement, cite a provided small_geo_analysis table or district…
    • Tighten policy references: link to specific Legistar bill pages and quote only when present in context; frame policy needs as data‑driven without imperative language. Replace “Act now.” with a neutral CTA and keep advocacy within the manda…

editor_nudges

District 39: 02 a.m.

Just after 1 a.m. at Ocean Parkway and Avenue C, a 45‑year‑old woman was hit by a southbound SUV and died at the scene, city data show (NYC Open Data).

She was one of 4 people killed in District 39 since 2022. In that same span, there were 1,003 crashes and 589 injuries, including 4 serious injuries (NYC Open Data).

—

Where the street bites back

Ocean Parkway is a repeat killer. So is the BQE. They top the district’s hotspots for death and injury (NYC Open Data). A cyclist also died on Center Drive in Prospect Park. Another person died at 319 Ditmas Ave. The map does not forget.

SUVs strike most often. They account for the largest share of pedestrian harm here, including a death (NYC Open Data). Trucks and buses injure fewer people, but their weight leaves a mark (NYC Open Data).

—

The clock tells on us

The worst hour is midnight. The city logs 45 injuries and 2 serious injuries between 12 and 1 a.m. in this district. Another spike comes at the evening rush and into the night (NYC Open Data).

Contributing factors in the records are often vague. “Other” is common. There is a death tagged to alcohol. Another to “vulnerable road user error.” The paper trail is thin; the bodies are not (NYC Open Data).

—

Clear the corners. Build the curb.

Council Member Shahana Hanif is pushing a law to force curb extensions at high‑injury intersections. The bill orders five sites per borough each year (Int 0285‑2024). She also co‑sponsors a bill to ban parking within 20 feet of crosswalks and harden at least 1,000 corners a year (Int 1138‑2024).

Brooklyn officials have called for “universal daylighting with hardened materials,” not paint that drivers ignore (Streetsblog). Assembly Member Jo Anne Simon said of speed‑limiting tech, “The speed limiter technology is available to us. Let’s use it. It will save lives.” (Brooklyn Paper)

—

Stop the repeat offenders

After a driver with a long record killed a mother and two children in Brooklyn, lawmakers rallied for the Stop Super Speeders Act. It would require drivers with repeated violations to install speed limiters that hold cars to the law (Brooklyn Paper). Hanif stood with them. So did other Brooklyn officials.

Council Member Hanif has also blasted the backsliding on bike safety. “We need to have the political courage … to create a city that is walkable, prioritizes pedestrians, and ends these senseless murders,” she said (Streetsblog).

—

Who moves first?

This is Council District 39. It sits in AD 44 and SD 17. The names on the door are Assembly Member Robert Carroll and State Senator Steve Chan. Hanif is the Council Member (district, district).

Hanif is on the curb‑extension bill and the 20‑foot daylighting bill (Int 0285‑2024, Int 1138‑2024). She has backed speed limiters for repeat offenders (Brooklyn Paper).

Will AD 44 and SD 17 co‑sponsor the state speed‑limiter bill? What gives?

Lower the default speed on our streets. Put speed limiters on the worst drivers. Clear the corners. Build the curbs. The list is short. The work is late. Take one step now: act here.

FAQ

  • Q: How many people have been killed in Council District 39 since 2022? A: Four people have been killed, with 1,003 crashes, 589 injuries, and 4 serious injuries recorded in that period, according to NYC Open Data.
  • Q: Where are the worst danger spots in this district? A: Ocean Parkway and the BQE top the list of deadly and high‑injury locations, with additional deaths on Center Drive in Prospect Park and at 319 Ditmas Ave, per city crash records.
  • Q: When do crashes and injuries spike here? A: The midnight hour is the worst, with 45 injuries and 2 serious injuries between 12 and 1 a.m., based on the district’s hourly crash distribution.
  • Q: What bills could make these streets safer now? A: At City Hall: Int 0285‑2024 (curb extensions at high‑injury intersections) and Int 1138‑2024 (20‑foot daylighting and hardened corners). In Albany: the Stop Super Speeders Act to mandate speed limiters for repeat offenders.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: council-39

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 6
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare human detail is minimal but effective; avoids melodrama; ends with sober hope.
  • Persuasiveness: ✅ — Strong advocacy through specific local stats and concrete fixes; clear call to action. Minor overreach with “repeat killer” phrasing could be seen as editorializing.
  • Interest: ✅ — Tight, urgent, scene‑led lede and punchy subheads keep attention.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Muscular, concise, image‑forward; generally follows voice. A few abstractions and rhetorical questions verge on editorial.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Several claims risk exceeding source support: exact time “1:02 a.m.” not shown in citation; hotspot ranking (“top the district’s hotspots”) may not be substantiated; specific deaths at Center Drive and 319 Ditmas require confirmation from …
  • Recommendations:
    • Force the model to pull and restate only figures that are explicitly provided in the small_geo_analysis and timeline fields. Add: “List only numbers present in context arrays. If a figure (e.g., time of crash, rankings, ‘most often’) isn’t…
    • Require quote verification steps. Add: “Before including any quote, paste the exact source line from context with its URL and date; if fewer than three verified quotes exist, include only those and otherwise proceed with no quotations.”
    • Constrain evaluative language. Add: “Avoid characterizations like ‘repeat killer’ or rhetorical questions. Replace with precise, sourced metrics (e.g., counts at intersections, peak hours). Use declarative sentences only.”

freeform_arc

District 39: 02 a.m.

Just after 1 a.m. at Avenue C and Ocean Parkway, a southbound 2023 Toyota SUV hit a 45-year-old woman. She died at the scene, police records say (NYC Open Data).

She was one of 4 people killed in District 39 since 2022. In that span, there were 1,003 crashes and 589 injuries, including 4 serious injuries (NYC Open Data).

“Criminal charges for him were still pending,” police told reporters in another Brooklyn crash last month. The pattern repeats, the faces change (Gothamist).

Where it breaks

Two names keep showing up in the logs: the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway and Ocean Parkway. Each has borne death here (NYC Open Data).

Night and evening bring the heaviest hurt. The midnight hour and the 6 p.m. hour each saw 45 injuries. Deaths hit at 1 a.m., 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 3 p.m. The clock does not blink (NYC Open Data).

SUVs lead the damage to people on foot here: 43 pedestrian casualties, including 1 death and 1 serious injury, outpace sedans and trucks (NYC Open Data).

How it repeats

The city’s own factors list is blunt: “inattention/distraction,” “disregarded traffic control,” and “failure to yield.” Alcohol shows up in one local death. Another is chalked up to “vulnerable road user error.” Most are filed under “other.” The paperwork is tidy. The streets are not (NYC Open Data).

Advocates keep dragging the law back to the law. “This action seeks to ensure the NYPD finally follows the law as it has been written for years,” attorney Mariann Wang said in a suit to stop bogus cyclist summonses (Streetsblog).

Who must act

At City Hall, Council Member Shahana K. Hanif is the prime sponsor of a bill to force curb extensions at the worst intersections (Int 0285-2024) and a co-sponsor of a citywide daylighting mandate to clear sight lines at 1,000 corners a year (Int 1138-2024). She also signed onto a push for universal daylighting with hardened barriers (Streetsblog).

In Albany, the Stop Super Speeders Act would require repeat offenders to install speed limiters. Hanif stood at Borough Hall and backed it after a triple killing in Brooklyn (Brooklyn Paper). Our Assembly Member Robert Carroll and State Senator Steve Chan are not listed here as sponsors. What gives?

What would help now

  • Daylight every corner and harden it. Pass and fund the Council’s daylighting and curb-extension bills (Int 1138-2024, Int 0285-2024).
  • Stop the worst repeat speeders with speed limiters. Albany can pass the state bill this session (Brooklyn Paper).
  • Target the hotspots named above at night and around the evening peak with concrete, not paint. The logs show where and when it breaks (NYC Open Data).

One corner. One body. Then another. If you live here, press your lawmakers to move. Start here: Take Action.

FAQ

  • Q: What happened at Avenue C and Ocean Parkway? A: At 1:02 a.m. on Aug. 9, 2025, a southbound 2023 Toyota SUV struck a 45-year-old woman outside a crosswalk at Avenue C and Ocean Parkway. She was killed, according to city crash records.
  • Q: How bad is traffic violence in Council District 39? A: Since 2022, there have been 1,003 crashes, 589 injuries, and 4 deaths recorded in the district. SUVs lead pedestrian harm locally.
  • Q: Where are the hotspots? A: The Brooklyn-Queens Expressway and Ocean Parkway account for the district’s deadliest incidents in recent years, per city data.
  • Q: What policies are on the table to fix this? A: City bills would require curb extensions at dangerous intersections (Int 0285-2024) and universal daylighting (Int 1138-2024). A state bill would require speed limiters for repeat speeders.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: council-39

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 6
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Measured and unsentimental; avoids melodrama; lands on tangible remedies; closing line is firm, not mawkish.
  • Persuasiveness: ❌ — Strong calls to action and concrete fixes; local hotspots and vehicle trends bolster advocacy. Some claims may be undermined if specific crash details (time, age, model, crosswalk status) lack support in provided citations.
  • Interest: ✅ — Tight, urgent lede and muscular prose maintain engagement; subheads push momentum.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Clear, spare, and vivid without excess; consistent voice and cadence; minimal filler.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — High risk: specific crash details (1:02 a.m., 45-year-old, 2023 Toyota, outside a crosswalk) are not verifiable from the generic NYC Open Data link as presented; inclusion of a Gothamist quote unrelated to the focal crash; Legistar links a…
  • Recommendations:
    • Constrain facts to explicit, reproducible fields in the provided context: require the prompt to inject a pre-parsed data block (with crash_id, timestamp, age, vehicle make/model, crosswalk status) and forbid using unspecified dataset field…
    • Mandate quote sourcing rules: only include quotes that are directly attributed to entities in the context and are germane to the same geography/topic. If fewer than three verified quotes exist, include zero. Add a validation step: list eac…
    • Require bill and policy references to use canonical, deep Legistar URLs and include explicit bill titles and sponsors as provided in context. Add a check to cross-verify local official roles/district alignment and to flag unknown sponsor s…

default

SD 23: A bus, a turn, a body on the pavement

A teen hit the side of an MTA bus at Castleton and Park just before 1 a.m. He flew off the moped. Paramedics found a head wound. Police said no arrests. The Highway unit took the case. The MTA said the moped ran the stop sign and struck the bus. “The requirements to operate a moped are like those for motorcycles,” the DMV says. “You must have a driver license and register your moped to drive it on streets and highways.” AMNY and ABC7 reported the boy was in critical condition.

On Bay Street, a driver swung a K‑turn. A motorcycle hit the driver‑side door. Jeremy Claudio, 34, went to Richmond University Medical Center and died. Police said the driver stayed. No arrest that day. The investigation was open, amNY reported.

At Benton and Hylan, an 80‑year‑old crossed at the corner. An SUV going straight hit him. He died of a head wound. The driver stayed, police said. City crash data records the death on March 7, 2025, at that intersection (NYC Open Data).

On Targee near Pierce, a 58‑year‑old man was crossing outside a crosswalk. A moped struck him. He died of crush injuries. The rider was ejected and survived. The May 17, 2025 crash sits in the city’s logs as a pedestrian death (NYC Open Data).

In Sheepshead Bay, an MTA bus turned left and pinned an 87‑year‑old near East 12th Street and Avenue Z. He went to the hospital in critical condition. The bus was out of service. The driver stayed, Gothamist reported.

Hylan’s muddled bus lane, 32 crashes

Drivers keep turning from the middle lane on Hylan Boulevard. The signs change. Some show hours. Others just say “Bus Corridor Photo.” Thirty‑two crashes this year tied to those right turns, amNY found. “That’s one accident every four days,” Borough President Vito Fossella said. “Somebody perhaps unwittingly thinks they must turn from the middle lane.” He added: “Other than those hours of 6 to 9 a.m. … and 3 to 7 p.m. … the bus lane is open for use.” Both quotes via amNY.

The ledger in SD 23

The city’s crash ledger for this district is blunt. 2,057 crashes. 1,259 injured. 5 dead since January 1, 2022 through August 25, 2025 (NYC Open Data). This summer alone, police logged a bicyclist and passenger hurt at Broadway near 221 Broadway. Head wounds. An e‑bike going straight. Two riders down (crash record).

Pedestrians take the brunt from cars and SUVs. In this span, SUVs were tied to two pedestrian deaths. Sedans to the most pedestrian injuries. Trucks to one pedestrian death. That is what the data say (NYC Open Data).

Votes and laws that decide who lives

Albany moved one tool. The Senate advanced the Stop Super Speeders Act (S4045) in June. It would force repeat violators to use speed‑limiters. On June 11 and 12, Senator Jessica Scarcella‑Spanton voted yes in committee (Open States).

The city’s speed camera program faced opposition. Three city senators, including Scarcella‑Spanton, voted no on renewing school‑zone cameras, which later passed (Streetsblog NYC).

What would stop the next one?

Lower the default speed citywide. Use the law we have. Fit the worst repeat offenders with speed‑limiters. Both steps are on the table now. See how to press your officials and back the bills on our Take Action page.

FAQ

  • Q: Where did these crashes happen? A: Recent cases include a moped–MTA bus collision at Castleton Ave and Park Ave (Port Richmond), a fatal motorcycle–SUV crash during a K‑turn on Bay St (Clifton), a pedestrian death at Benton Ave and Hylan Blvd, a pedestrian death on Targee St near Pierce St, and an MTA bus pinning an 87‑year‑old at East 12th St and Ave Z. Sources: AMNY, ABC7, Gothamist, and NYC Open Data.
  • Q: How many crashes and victims are in SD 23 this period? A: From 2022‑01‑01 to 2025‑08‑25, the district logged 2,057 crashes, 1,259 injuries, and 5 deaths, per NYC Open Data.
  • Q: What policies are in play right now? A: The Senate advanced S4045 to require speed‑limiters for repeat violators; Sen. Scarcella‑Spanton voted yes in committee on June 11–12, 2025. School‑zone speed cameras were reauthorized over opposition from several city legislators; Streetsblog lists Scarcella‑Spanton among the no votes.
  • Q: Which neighborhoods are in SD 23? A: It includes Fort Hamilton, Gravesend (South), Coney Island–Sea Gate, Brighton Beach, Calvert Vaux Park, Sheepshead Bay–Manhattan Beach–Gerritsen Beach, St. George–New Brighton, Tompkinsville–Stapleton–Clifton–Fox Hills, Rosebank–Shore Acres–Park Hill, West New Brighton–Silver Lake–Grymes Hill, and more nearby areas listed in our district page.
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: senate-23

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 7
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Effective restraint. Sharp details without melodrama. Closing policy link offers grounded hope.
  • Persuasiveness: ✅ — Moderately persuasive. Concrete incidents, district totals, and policy levers are present; clear CTA. Could tie incidents to vulnerable road users more tightly and reduce out‑of‑district example that dilutes focus.
  • Interest: ✅ — High. Terse scenes and specific locations pull readers through. Subheads are punchy; a Brooklyn bus item may distract from SD 23 focus.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Strong voice: short sentences, concrete detail. Minimal filler. Occasional ambiguity (DMV quote attribution via amNY) and one section could better integrate advocacy through data instead of scattered incidents.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Mixed. Most facts link to cited press or NYC Open Data. Issues: (1) DMV quote is sourced via amNY and labeled as DMV; safer to attribute to amNY unless primary DMV page is cited. (2) Open States is mislabeled as source; the URL is nysenate…
  • Recommendations:
    • Require that every quoted line include an inline parenthetical with the exact source and, when paraphrasing agencies (e.g., DMV), link only to the primary document/page; if using secondary reporting, attribute explicitly to that outlet and…
    • Constrain geography: instruct the model to include only incidents within SD 23 unless explicitly adding a comparator section labeled as out‑of‑district, with rationale; otherwise omit. Add a check to verify all neighborhoods and boundaries…
    • Mandate a citations builder: (a) include a primary NYC Open Data aggregate query link for district totals with parameters in links, (b) cap sources under 12, (c) ensure each body hyperlink’s domain appears in citations with correct publish…

editor_nudges

SD 23: 12 p.m. A body hits a door. He does not get up.

Just after 3:12 p.m. on July 5 in Clifton, Jeremy Claudio, 34, hit the driver‑side door of a Toyota making a K‑turn on Bay Street and later died, police said, with the case under investigation (amNY).

He was one of 5 people killed in Senate District 23 since 2022, amid 2,057 crashes and 1,259 injuries documented in city crash data (NYC Open Data). In the last 12 months alone, those same counts stand at 2,057 crashes, 5 deaths, and 1,259 injuries (NYC Open Data).

Hylan and Benton: the old man and the hood

On March 7 at Hylan Boulevard and Benton Avenue, an 80‑year‑old man was struck in the crosswalk and died. Police said the SUV was going straight when it hit him at the intersection (NYC Open Data).

On June 2 at East 12th Street and Avenue Z in Sheepshead Bay, an MTA bus turned left and pinned an 87‑year‑old man under the coach. “Police said officers who responded to the scene discovered an 87‑year‑old man pinned under the city bus… An initial investigation found the man was standing near the corner when the driver made a left… and hit him” (Gothamist). He was taken to the hospital in critical condition.

Castleton and Park: 1 a.m., a boy and a bus

Just before 1 a.m. on August 5 at Castleton Avenue and Park Avenue, a 13‑year‑old on a moped struck an eastbound MTA bus and went down with a severe head injury. “According to the MTA, the moped went through a stop sign without stopping and hit the bus,” amNY reported. No arrests; Highway Investigation is on the case (amNY; ABC7).

Hylan Boulevard: mixed messages, bent fenders

Confusing bus‑lane signs on Hylan Boulevard have helped breed crashes. Staten Island’s borough president put it bluntly: “That’s one accident every four days where somebody perhaps unwittingly thinks they must turn from the middle lane in order to make a right‑hand turn.” The story flagged 32 crashes tied to right turns made from the middle lane this year, and inconsistent signage that says only “Bus Corridor Photo” in places (amNY).

Who’s guarding the line?

Sen. Jessica Scarcella‑Spanton voted yes in committee on the Stop Super Speeders Act (S4045) in June, which would force speed‑limiters on repeat violators (Open States). But she voted no on reauthorizing NYC’s 24/7 school‑zone speed cameras, a tool proven to catch speeding where kids cross (Streetsblog NYC).

Assembly Member Sam Pirozzolo also voted against that school‑zone camera renewal in the Assembly, according to the same report (Streetsblog NYC). Council Member Kamillah Hanks represents much of this area.

What stops the next siren?

Two levers sit on the table:

  • Lower NYC’s default speed limit to 20 mph under Sammy’s Law. The city can act. Do it.
  • Pass and enforce the Stop Super Speeders Act to fit repeat offenders with speed‑limiters (Open States).

The toll is here. The names keep coming. Tell City Hall and Albany to move now. Start here: take action.

FAQ

  • Q: How many people have been killed in SD 23 since 2022? A: Five people have been killed, with 1,259 injured, across 2,057 crashes documented in city data covering 2022-01-01 to 2025-08-25 (NYC Open Data).
  • Q: Where are recent serious crashes in this district? A: Recent cases include the July 5 fatal K-turn crash on Bay Street in Clifton (amNY), the March 7 fatal strike at Hylan Boulevard and Benton Avenue (NYC Open Data), and the August 5 moped–MTA bus collision at Castleton and Park (amNY/ABC7).
  • Q: Which officials represent this area? A: Sen. Jessica Scarcella‑Spanton (SD 23), Assembly Member Sam Pirozzolo (AD 63), and Council Member Kamillah Hanks (District 49) represent much of this geography (site data).
  • Q: Where do local officials stand on key safety measures? A: Scarcella‑Spanton voted yes in committee on the Stop Super Speeders Act (Open States) but voted no on renewing school‑zone speed cameras (Streetsblog). Pirozzolo also opposed the camera renewal (Streetsblog).
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: senate-23

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 6
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare and unsentimental. Human impact present without melodrama.
  • Persuasiveness: ❌ — Strong urgency and policy ask, but focus leans on motorcyclist/moped cases; limited centering of pedestrians/cyclists. Calls to action are clear but could better tie to vulnerable road users.
  • Interest: ✅ — Lean, vivid opening and tight subheads keep pace. Concrete scenes sustain attention.
  • Writing quality: ✅ — Muscular, spare prose; mostly concrete. A few flourishes (“mixed messages, bent fenders”) verge on editorializing.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Several risks: reuse of identical 12‑month totals looks suspicious; “five dead since 2022” and district‑level rollups lack a method/source in-context; the Sheepshead Bay bus incident is outside SD23; quote counts rely on press, but some po…
  • Recommendations:
    • Constrain geography and time windows explicitly: require the model to filter all crashes, injuries, and deaths to the specified district and period, cite the exact query parameters (borough, district polygon, dates), and forbid including i…
    • Mandate source‑bound claims and quote hygiene: only include quotes with inline links and named speakers; if a quote comes from a news outlet, attribute to the outlet and specify date; ban causal language (e.g., ‘helped breed crashes’) unle…
    • Center vulnerable road users and policy linkage: require at least one subsection focused on pedestrian/cyclist harms in the district, summarize how default 20 mph and speed limiters protect them with citations from context, and end with a …

freeform_arc

SD 23: five dead, 1,259 hurt since 2022

Just before 1 a.m. at Castleton and Park, a 13-year-old on a moped hit an eastbound MTA bus. He was ejected and left with a severe head injury (amNY).

They are one of 1,259 people injured in Senate District 23 since 2022. In that time, there have been 2,057 crashes and five deaths, with 12 serious injuries recorded (NYC Open Data).

The toll keeps coming

On Bay Street in Clifton, a 34-year-old motorcyclist hit the driver-side door of a Toyota making a K-turn. He died at the hospital (amNY).

At East 12th Street and Avenue Z, an 87-year-old man stood near the corner. An MTA bus made a left and hit him. He was pinned under the coach, taken to the hospital in critical condition (Gothamist).

On Hylan Boulevard, drivers keep turning from the middle lane, not the curb, into right turns. “That’s one accident every four days,” Staten Island Borough President Vito Fossella said of the confusion over bus-lane signs (amNY).

Behind these scenes: two pedestrians killed by SUVs in this period, and trucks tied to another death. Cars and SUVs injured the most people by far (NYC Open Data).

Rules on paper, blood on asphalt

“The requirements to operate a moped are like those for motorcycles,” the DMV says. “You must have a driver license and register your moped” (amNY). The boy on Castleton was 13. Police said no arrests; the Collision Investigation Squad is probing (amNY).

The pattern does not care about the hour. Crashes peak on big corridors. Names turn into numbers. Five dead. 1,259 hurt. Since 2022 (NYC Open Data).

Who votes for safety — and who doesn’t

State Senator Jessica Scarcella‑Spanton represents this area. She voted yes in committee for the Stop Super Speeders bill, S 4045, which would force repeat violators to use speed‑limiting tech after 11 points in 24 months or six camera tickets in a year (Open States).

But she also voted no on renewing NYC’s speed‑camera program, a tool that catches the worst speeding near schools (Streetsblog NYC). Assembly Member Sam Pirozzolo voted no, too, when the Assembly approved it (Streetsblog NYC). What gives?

Council Member Kamillah Hanks sits over these streets. The turns, the signage, the deaths are on city turf. The bus‑lane mess on Hylan is a city fix, not a state one (amNY).

The next move

Albany can pass S 4045. City Hall can fix Hylan’s signs and slow the turns that crush people at corners. You can tell them to do it now. Start here: /take_action/.

FAQ

  • Q: How many crashes and injuries has SD 23 had since 2022? A: From 2022-01-01 to 2025-08-25, SD 23 recorded 2,057 crashes, 1,259 injuries, 12 serious injuries, and 5 deaths (NYC Open Data).
  • Q: Where are recent serious crashes in this area? A: Recent cases include the 13-year-old on a moped colliding with an MTA bus at Castleton and Park (Aug. 5, 2025), a fatal motorcycle–SUV crash during a K-turn on Bay Street (July 5, 2025), and an 87-year-old pinned under a bus at East 12th and Avenue Z (June 2, 2025) (amNY, amNY, Gothamist).
  • Q: What policies could reduce repeat speeding in SD 23? A: The Stop Super Speeders Act, S 4045, would require speed‑limiting tech for drivers with 11 DMV points in 24 months or six camera tickets in a year. Sen. Scarcella‑Spanton voted yes in committee (Open States).
  • Q: How have local officials voted on speed cameras? A: Sen. Jessica Scarcella‑Spanton voted no on renewing NYC’s speed‑camera program; Assembly Member Sam Pirozzolo also voted no when the Assembly passed it (Streetsblog NYC).
  • Q: What is CrashCount? A: We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Geo: senate-23

Editor Evaluation

  • Overall score: 62
  • Poignancy: ✅ — Spare, unsentimental scenes convey human cost without melodrama; effective closing CTA.
  • Persuasiveness: ❌ — Advocacy stance is clear and points to concrete policies, but mixed geographies and a possibly incorrect citation source for S4045 undercut impact.
  • Interest: ✅ — Strong lede and crisp subheads keep momentum; vivid but restrained details sustain attention.
  • Writing quality: ❌ — Muscular, concise prose fits the brief; minor lapses like rhetorical question and light editorializing (“What gives?”) detract.
  • Trustworthiness: ❌ — Several issues: Gothamist crash is in Brooklyn, not SD 23; S4045 link labeled “Open States” goes to nysenate.gov; claims about who voted no rely on Streetsblog (acceptable) but need care; attribution of DMV quotes to amNY not DMV; counts f…
  • Recommendations:
    • Constrain the prompt to enforce geographic scope and data filters: “Only include crashes that occurred within Senate District 23 boundaries as defined in the provided dataset; exclude incidents outside SD 23 (e.g., other boroughs). For eve…
    • Require source-type matching and quote hygiene: “Use only quotes present in the context; attribute quotes to their original source (e.g., DMV page, not secondary coverage). If quoting text seen only in a secondary article, paraphrase inste…
    • Ban rhetorical devices and enforce neutral, show-don’t-tell voice: “No rhetorical questions or editorial asides (e.g., ‘What gives?’). Replace with a concrete fact or contrast supported by data. Each paragraph must contain at least one lin…