Crash Count for District 38
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 7,528
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 4,444
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 904
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 47
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 33
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Oct 30, 2025
Carnage in CD 38
Detailed breakdowns aren’t yet available for this year slice; totals below reflect the selected window.
Killed 30
+15
Crush Injuries 11
Head 3
Lower leg/foot 3
Whole body 3
Lower arm/hand 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Severe Bleeding 15
Head 10
+5
Face 3
Lower leg/foot 3
Severe Lacerations 18
Lower leg/foot 6
+1
Head 3
Face 2
Lower arm/hand 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Back 1
Chest 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Concussion 28
Head 14
+9
Back 5
Face 2
Lower arm/hand 2
Neck 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Chest 1
Whole body 1
Whiplash 113
Neck 55
+50
Head 34
+29
Back 17
+12
Shoulder/upper arm 10
+5
Whole body 7
+2
Chest 2
Eye 1
Lower arm/hand 1
Contusion/Bruise 233
Lower leg/foot 79
+74
Head 46
+41
Lower arm/hand 38
+33
Shoulder/upper arm 19
+14
Hip/upper leg 13
+8
Whole body 13
+8
Face 9
+4
Back 7
+2
Abdomen/pelvis 3
Neck 3
Chest 2
Eye 2
Abrasion 179
Lower arm/hand 52
+47
Lower leg/foot 49
+44
Head 20
+15
Face 18
+13
Whole body 12
+7
Hip/upper leg 9
+4
Back 6
+1
Shoulder/upper arm 6
+1
Neck 4
Abdomen/pelvis 2
Chest 2
Eye 1
Pain/Nausea 59
Lower leg/foot 13
+8
Neck 9
+4
Head 8
+3
Shoulder/upper arm 7
+2
Whole body 6
+1
Chest 5
Back 4
Abdomen/pelvis 3
Lower arm/hand 2
Face 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Oct 30, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in CD 38?

Preventable Speeding in CD 38 School Zones

(since 2022)
Blood on Third Avenue, Silence at City Hall

Blood on Third Avenue, Silence at City Hall

District 38: Jan 1, 2022 - Oct 7, 2025

On Sep 21, 2025, about 12:40 PM, a 29-year-old on a motorcycle was ejected and seriously hurt on the Belt Parkway ramp. Police recorded driver distraction in the crash report (NYC Open Data).

This Week

  • Sep 14, 2nd Avenue at 9th Street: a driver going at unsafe speed and disregarding a signal killed a 34-year-old, police say (CrashID 4842335).
  • Aug 6, 86th Street at 18th Avenue: a driver disregarded traffic control and killed a 76-year-old woman in the crosswalk (CrashID 4833274).

The toll here, not elsewhere

Since 2022, District 38 has recorded 31 deaths and 4,343 injuries in 7,373 crashes. Thirteen of the dead were people walking; five were people on bikes (NYC Open Data).

Drivers keep killing at known corners. On 4th Avenue, there have been 6 deaths and 336 injuries. On 3rd Avenue, 2 deaths and 223 injuries (district analysis).

Police name causes we can fix. “Failure to yield” and “disregarded traffic control” appear across fatal files here, including the Sep 14 death at 2nd and 9th where speed and a blown signal were recorded (CrashID 4842335).

Third Avenue is a promise still waiting

Neighbors and electeds stood on Third Avenue this summer and asked for long-delayed fixes. “The Third Avenue corridor has been persistently dangerous… We have the tools to majorly reduce this violence, but it’s up to the mayor’s office to use them,” said Council Member Alexa Avilés (BKReader).

A day earlier, she called for “real political will and real capital investment” after another hit-and-run on that corridor (Brooklyn Paper). The DOT’s plan has sat for years. The crashes did not.

Clear sightlines, tame turns, slow the cars

City Hall has tools on the table:

  • Daylight the corners. Avilés co-sponsors a bill to ban parking within 20 feet of crosswalks and build barriers at 1,000 intersections a year (Int 1138-2024).
  • Remove street clutter fast. She voted yes to tow derelict and unregistered vehicles within 72 hours, clearing blocked crosswalks and views (Int 0857-2024).
  • Add speed humps near parks, as proposed in a bill she co-sponsors (Int 0262-2024).

These are local moves fit for 4th Avenue, 3rd Avenue, and the maze under the Gowanus. They protect people walking and biking where the bodies keep falling.

Stop waiting for the worst drivers to find you

A small group of drivers does outsized harm. State lawmakers have a bill to force repeat speeders to slow down with in-car limiters after a defined threshold. The Stop Super Speeders Act (S4045C/A2299C) would require ISA for anyone with 11 DMV points in 18 months or 16 camera tickets in a year. One driver with 29 camera tickets killed a mother and her two daughters in Brooklyn this April, reported the Daily News (CrashCount Take Action).

District 38’s State Senator is Steve Chan and its Assembly Member is Lester Chang. Will they back it this session? What gives if they don’t?

Lower the default. Save the next person in the crosswalk.

The city can set safer speeds. DOT has begun rolling out 20 MPH zones after Sammy’s Law. But we still move at deadly speed on too many streets. A citywide 20 would give people on foot a chance to live the hit. You can press City Hall to use the power it already has (CrashCount Take Action).

The woman at 86th and 18th did not get that chance. Nor did the man at 2nd and 9th. The ramp rider is still alive. For now.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CrashCount?
We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.
How many people have been hurt or killed here since 2022?
From Jan 1, 2022 to Oct 7, 2025 in Council District 38, there were 7,373 crashes, causing 4,343 injuries and 31 deaths, according to NYC’s crash database. Source: NYC Open Data (Motor Vehicle Collisions – Crashes).
Where are the worst spots?
4th Avenue and 3rd Avenue stand out in District 38’s records. Since 2022, 4th Avenue has seen 6 deaths and 336 injuries; 3rd Avenue has seen 2 deaths and 223 injuries. Source: CrashCount analysis of NYC Open Data.
What immediate fixes are on the table?
Three steps are documented: 1) Daylighting crosswalks citywide (Int 1138-2024); 2) Removing derelict and unregistered vehicles fast to clear sightlines (Int 0857-2024); 3) Adding speed humps near parks (Int 0262-2024). All are active Council bills or votes recorded in Legistar.
How were these numbers calculated?
We pulled NYC’s Motor Vehicle Collisions datasets (Crashes h9gi-nx95, Persons f55k-p6yu, Vehicles bm4k-52h4) and filtered for incidents within Council District 38 between 2022-01-01 and 2025-10-07. We summed injuries, deaths, and crashes, and identified corridor totals for 4th Avenue and 3rd Avenue from the same filtered set. Data were accessed Oct 7, 2025. You can view the base datasets here.

Citations

Citations

Fix the Problem

Council Member Alexa Avilés

District 38

Other Representatives

Assembly Member Lester Chang

District 49

State Senator Steve Chan

District 17

Other Geographies

District 38 Council District 38 sits in Brooklyn, Precinct 72, AD 49, SD 17.

It contains Carroll Gardens-Cobble Hill-Gowanus-Red Hook, Sunset Park (West), Sunset Park (Central), Green-Wood Cemetery, Dyker Heights, Bensonhurst, Sunset Park (East)-Borough Park (West), Brooklyn CB7, Brooklyn CB6.

See also
Boroughs
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Council District 38

13
Unlicensed Driver Arrested After BQE Death

May 13 - A motorcyclist struck a stopped car on the BQE. He died at the hospital. The driver, unlicensed and lacking a required ignition interlock, was arrested. Traffic stood still. Police continue to investigate. The road claimed another life.

The Brooklyn Paper reported on May 13, 2025, that a Queens woman was arrested after a fatal crash on the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. Police said 44-year-old Laura Cordova was driving without a license and without a court-mandated ignition interlock device. The crash happened near Tillary Street just before 10 p.m. on May 10, when 27-year-old Sean Johnson, riding a Suzuki motorcycle, collided with Cordova’s stopped Honda Accord. Johnson was found in critical condition and later died at Brooklyn Hospital Center. The article notes, 'Police arrested 44-year-old Laura Cordova... for driving without a license and using a vehicle without ignition interlock.' The NYPD Highway Collision Investigation Squad is still investigating. The case highlights gaps in enforcement and the risks posed by unlicensed drivers operating without required safety devices.


8
NYPD Cruiser Collides With Nissan In Brooklyn

May 8 - A police cruiser slammed into a Nissan at a Brooklyn intersection. Sirens wailed. Metal twisted. An officer lay critically hurt. The Nissan driver survived. The street bore the scars. Another night, another crash. The city keeps moving.

ABC7 reported on May 8, 2025, that an NYPD officer was critically injured when a marked police vehicle collided with a white Nissan Rogue at Willoughby Avenue and Walworth Street in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. Officers were responding to a 911 call for an armed man. The article states, “A marked NYPD vehicle was traveling eastbound on Willoughby Avenue when it collided with a white Nissan Rogue traveling northbound on Walworth Street.” The officer was hospitalized in critical but stable condition; the Nissan driver, age 28, was also hospitalized and is stable. The crash highlights the dangers at intersections, especially during emergency responses. The investigation continues, with no details yet on contributing factors or policy changes.


6
Principal Overturns Car In Brooklyn Crash

May 6 - A principal drove down Lenox Road, lost control, hit parked cars, and flipped his vehicle. Police pulled him from the wreck. He refused a Breathalyzer. Charges followed. The street bore the scars. The system let him drive. The danger stayed.

According to NY Daily News (2025-05-06), Gregory Jackson, principal of Brownsville Collaborative Middle School, crashed on Lenox Road near Utica Ave. Police say he struck several parked cars and overturned his vehicle around 11:30 p.m. Jackson told police he had 'only one drink.' He refused a Breathalyzer test at the scene. He was charged with driving while intoxicated, driving while impaired, and refusing the test. The Department of Education referred questions to the NYPD. The incident highlights the ongoing risk posed by impaired drivers and the vulnerability of anyone near city streets, even when parked. Systemic gaps allow such danger to persist.


1
Int 0193-2024 Avilés votes yes on taxi dooring warning decals, no major safety change.

May 1 - Council passes law. Taxis and for-hire cars must post bold warnings on rear doors. Riders face the message: look for cyclists before swinging the door. A move to cut dooring. City acts. Cyclists stay in the crosshairs.

Int 0193-2024, now law, cleared the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and passed City Council on May 1, 2025. The bill, titled 'A Local Law...requiring taxis and for-hire vehicles to display a decal warning passengers to look for cyclists when opening the door,' demands clear warning signs on all rear passenger doors. Lincoln Restler led as primary sponsor, joined by Gutiérrez, Hudson, Rivera, Won, and others. The Taxi and Limousine Commission must provide decals at no cost. The law aims to fight dooring, a threat to cyclists citywide. Enacted May 31, 2025, it takes effect in 120 days.


30
Police Kill Driver After Parkway Chase

Apr 30 - A driver sped through a police blockade on the Belt Parkway. He nearly hit a lieutenant. The officer fired. The driver died at the scene. A passenger was arrested. The lieutenant suffered minor injuries. The road closed for investigation.

amNY reported on April 30, 2025, that NYPD officers shot and killed a driver in Brooklyn after a chase on the Belt Parkway. Police said the car had mismatched, stolen Pennsylvania plates. Chief John Chell stated, "They observed a suspicious Porsche with suspicious plates." Officers tried to stop the vehicle, but the driver fled, re-entered the parkway, and drove through a police blockade, nearly striking a lieutenant. The officer fired, hitting the driver in the chest. The driver died at the scene. A passenger was detained. The article highlights the risks of high-speed chases and the dangers posed by erratic driving and police intervention on city roads.


25
Driver Charged After Brooklyn Pedestrian Death

Apr 25 - A driver turned left in East New York. She struck a woman crossing the street. The victim died in the hospital. Police charged the driver months later. Streets stayed the same. Danger lingered at the corner.

NY Daily News reported on April 25, 2025, that Megan Martin, 30, was arrested three months after fatally striking Janet Henriquez, 57, at Blake Ave. and Pennsylvania Ave. in Brooklyn. The article states, "She was arrested Wednesday following a police investigation, and was charged with failure to yield to a pedestrian, and failure to exercise due care, cops said." Martin hit Henriquez while turning left; Henriquez died later that day. The driver remained at the scene. The charges highlight driver error—failure to yield and lack of due care. The case underscores persistent risks at city intersections and the slow pace of accountability.


18
Cyclist Thrown After SUV Collision on 54th Street

Apr 18 - A cyclist hit a stopped SUV on 54th Street. He flew from his bike, struck his head, and bled on the pavement. Police cite driver distraction. Three others in cars were not hurt.

A cyclist was injured after colliding with the back of a stopped SUV near 54th Street and 4th Avenue in Brooklyn. According to the police report, the cyclist was ejected from his bike and suffered head wounds and severe lacerations. Three vehicle occupants were unhurt. The report lists 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as a contributing factor. Helmet use was listed as 'Unknown' and is noted only after the driver error. The crash highlights the danger posed by driver distraction, as documented in the official account.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4806587 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-11-03
16
Distracted RAM Van Hits Woman at 3rd Avenue

Apr 16 - A RAM van struck a 60-year-old woman crossing 3rd Avenue. Blood pooled on the street. The driver, distracted, kept his license. The van showed no damage. The woman suffered severe leg bleeding.

A 60-year-old woman was hit by a RAM van while crossing 3rd Avenue at 42nd Street in Brooklyn. According to the police report, the driver was distracted and struck the woman as he turned. The woman suffered severe bleeding to her leg but remained conscious. The report lists 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as a contributing factor. The van showed no damage. The driver kept his license. No injuries were reported for the van's occupants.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4806114 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-11-03
16
Road report: Here’s where lead-foot drivers repeatedly get speed-camera tickets in NYC

Apr 16 - New research from Transportation Alternatives and Families for Safe Streets announced a report detailing NYC's top 10 super speeders.


10
Int 1105-2024 Avilés votes yes, boosting street safety transparency and project accountability.

Apr 10 - Council passed a law forcing DOT to post sharp, regular updates on street safety projects. Progress on bike lanes, bus lanes, and signals must go public. No more hiding delays or cost overruns. The city must show its work.

Bill Int 1105-2024, now enacted, came through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Introduced November 13, 2024, it passed Council on April 10, 2025, and became law May 10, 2025. The bill's title: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code...in relation to tracking progress made towards the requirements of the streets master plan.' Council Member Julie Won led sponsorship, joined by Brooks-Powers, Hanif, Ayala, and others. The law demands DOT post annual and monthly updates on every project tied to the master plan—listing details, timelines, funding, and setbacks. This law brings sunlight to street safety work, making the city answer for every mile and missed deadline.


9
School Bus Jumps Curb, Hits Two Pedestrians

Apr 9 - A school bus veered off course in Flatbush. Metal crumpled. A woman and boy fell. The boy’s arm broke. The woman’s neck and hip throbbed. The bus smashed a fence. Sirens wailed. Both survived. The driver stayed. The city’s danger remained.

ABC7 reported on April 9, 2025, that a 66-year-old school bus driver struck a 43-year-old woman and an 8-year-old boy at Bedford Avenue and Farragut Road, Brooklyn. The driver told police he 'hit the gas instead of the brakes, jumped the curb and struck the pedestrians before smashing into a fence.' The woman suffered neck and hip pain; the boy’s arm broke. Both were hospitalized and are expected to survive. No charges were immediately filed. The bus remained at the scene. The article notes the investigation is ongoing. The incident highlights risks at intersections and the consequences of driver error, especially when large vehicles enter pedestrian space.


6
Suspended Driver Kills Brooklyn Family

Apr 6 - A mother and two children died in Midwood. Miriam Yarimi sped through a red light with a suspended license. Her Audi struck the family. Police say she ran the light. The crash ended three lives on a Brooklyn street.

According to the NY Daily News (2025-04-06), Miriam Yarimi drove her Audi at high speed through a red light in Midwood, Brooklyn, on March 29, with a suspended license. Police and prosecutors state she struck and killed a mother and her two young children. The article quotes, "Yarimi was speeding in her Audi when she ran a red light and struck the family." Yarimi told first responders she was 'possessed' at the time. The report highlights her suspended license and excessive speed, both clear driver errors. The case underscores ongoing risks for pedestrians and families on city streets, and raises questions about license enforcement and traffic safety in New York.


2
Speeding Driver Kills Brooklyn Family Crossing

Apr 2 - A mother and two daughters died on Ocean Parkway. The car struck them in the crosswalk. The driver sped, license suspended, dozens of violations. A son clings to life. The street holds the mark. Lawmakers call for speed limiters.

CBS New York (2025-04-02) reports that Miriam Yarimi faces arraignment after a crash in Midwood, Brooklyn killed Natasha Saada and her daughters, ages 8 and 5, as they crossed Ocean Parkway. Police say Yarimi was speeding, rear-ended another car, and hit the family in the crosswalk. Her license was suspended, with 'dozens of violations and $10,000 of unpaid fines.' NYPD Commissioner Tisch stated, 'This was a horrific tragedy caused by someone who shouldn't have been on the road.' The crash renewed calls for Albany lawmakers to mandate speed-limiting devices for repeat offenders, with a bill proposed to require such technology for drivers with more than six camera violations.


1
Ocean Parkway Crash Exposes Deadly Pattern

Apr 1 - A mother and two children died on Ocean Parkway. A driver with a suspended license and a record of violations struck them. The road has claimed many lives before. Residents see speeding daily. Calls for change echo. Danger remains.

The New York Post (April 1, 2025) reports that Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn has seen 20 deaths since 2014, with nearly 2,400 injuries since 2012. On March 30, Miriam Yarimi, driving with a suspended license and 93 prior traffic violations, crashed into an Uber and then into a family, killing Natasha Saada and two of her children. A third child remains in critical condition. The article quotes Ben Furnas of Transportation Alternatives: Ocean Parkway is 'one of Brooklyn's most dangerous roads.' Residents and advocates demand stronger safety measures, including speed-limiting technology for repeat offenders. Mayor Eric Adams is open to lowering the speed limit, but state approval is needed. Despite Vision Zero, Ocean Parkway remains hazardous for pedestrians.


31
Speeding Driver Kills Brooklyn Family Crossing

Mar 31 - A mother and her daughters crossed Ocean Parkway. An Audi, speeding, struck them in the crosswalk. Three died. A boy clings to life. The driver had a record: dozens of violations, unpaid fines. Lawmakers now push for speed limiters.

ABC7 reported on March 31, 2025, that Natasha Saada and her two daughters were killed while crossing Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn. The driver, Miriam Yarimi, rear-ended a Toyota, then continued into the crosswalk, striking the family. NYPD Commissioner Jessica Tisch said, 'the Audi continued forward, striking the mother and her kids in the crosswalk.' Yarimi's car had 99 violations since 2023, including 21 speed camera and five red light tickets. Lawmakers are calling for new legislation requiring speed limiters for drivers with repeated violations. The crash highlights systemic failures in stopping high-risk drivers before tragedy strikes.


30
Ocean Parkway Crash Exposes Systemic Failure

Mar 30 - A driver ran a red at speed on Ocean Parkway. Her car struck a cab, then a mother and three children. Two girls died. The boy fights for life. The driver had a long record. The street remains deadly.

Streetsblog NYC (2025-03-30) reports that Miriam Yarimi faces manslaughter and other charges after running a red light at high speed on Ocean Parkway, killing a mother and her two daughters and injuring a young boy. Police say Yarimi had over 99 traffic violations, including 21 for speeding and five for red-light running. Her license was suspended, yet she continued to drive. Advocates point to the lack of speed-limiting devices on vehicles with repeated violations, a measure pending in Albany. Ben Furnas of Transportation Alternatives said, "If Albany had passed this bill when it was first introduced, this vehicle would already have been speed limited and this crash would never have happened." The crash has renewed calls for urgent policy action to protect vulnerable road users.


29
Mother And Daughters Killed On Ocean Parkway

Mar 29 - A mother and her two daughters died on Ocean Parkway. A driver with a suspended license crashed, then hit the family in a crosswalk. The youngest son survived after surgery. Nine others were hurt. The street ran red with grief.

According to the New York Post (March 29, 2025), a suspended driver with a record of '15 school zone speeding and red-light tickets in the last 12 months' collided with an Uber and struck a family crossing Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn. NYPD Commissioner Jessica Tisch called it 'a horrific tragedy caused by someone who shouldn’t have been on the road.' The crash killed Natasha Saada, 35, and her daughters, Diana, 7, and Debra, 5. A four-year-old son was critically injured but survived surgery. The Audi driver, Miriam Yarimi, was arrested at the scene. Policy gaps loom: Yarimi’s history of fines and violations did not keep her off the road. Both drivers were to be tested for impairment. The incident highlights systemic failures in keeping dangerous drivers away from city streets.


23
E-Bike Rider Runs Stop, Kills Pedestrian

Mar 23 - Luis Cruz stepped from his car. An e-bike delivery worker sped through a stop sign. The crash was sudden. Cruz died on the street. The rider stayed. The intersection has seen this before. The system pushes speed. The danger remains.

Gothamist reported on March 23, 2025, that Luis Cruz, 49, died after an e-bike delivery worker "sped through a stop sign" and struck him as he exited his double-parked car in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Witness Jack Collins said, "He died basically on the spot." The e-bike rider remained at the scene. No arrests were made. The article notes this intersection is known for frequent stop sign violations: "It's not a unicorn incident. It's happened a lot." The piece highlights systemic issues, including delivery app pressures and gaps in e-bike regulation. City data shows e-bikes account for less than 2% of traffic deaths, but the policy debate continues. Lawmakers have called for tighter rules, as delivery workers face incentives to rush.


21
Cyclist’s Leg Torn Open in Brooklyn Lane Change Crash

Mar 21 - A young cyclist, riding south on 37th Street near 3rd Avenue, was struck hard. His left leg ripped open, blood pooling on the asphalt. The bike’s front crushed. Unsafe lane changing tore through flesh and steel. He stayed conscious.

A 20-year-old male cyclist suffered severe lacerations to his left leg after a violent collision on 37th Street near 3rd Avenue in Brooklyn, according to the police report. The report details that the cyclist, heading south, was struck with enough force to crush the bike’s front and leave blood pooling on the street. The police report cites 'Unsafe Lane Changing' as the primary contributing factor in the crash. The cyclist was not wearing a helmet, but the report does not list helmet use as a contributing factor. The victim remained conscious at the scene. The focus remains on the danger created by unsafe lane changes, as highlighted by the official report.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4800408 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-11-03
8
Repeat Offender Kills Passenger In Brooklyn Crash

Mar 8 - A driver out on bail smashed into a Toyota in Bushwick. The crash killed Hayden Wallace and injured three others. The driver fled, leaving chaos behind. Police tracked him for over a year. Charges stack up, but the loss remains.

NY Daily News (March 8, 2025) reports that Christopher Seabrook, 28, was arrested after a deadly hit-and-run in Bushwick, Brooklyn. Seabrook had been out on bail for a previous crash involving police. On January 8, 2024, he crashed into a Toyota, killing Hayden Wallace and injuring three others. Seabrook fled the scene, abandoning his vehicle. The article notes, "All accidents are useless but this one was even more useless because [Seabrook] had so many other offenses." Seabrook faces 23 charges, including manslaughter, leaving the scene, unlicensed driving, and speeding. The case highlights repeated driver offenses and questions about bail and enforcement. Police needed over a year to arrest Seabrook, who had a history of fleeing crashes and driving without a license.