Crash Count for District 18
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 4,999
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 2,800
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 510
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 44
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 20
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 14, 2025
Carnage in CD 18
Killed 19
+4
Crush Injuries 10
Lower leg/foot 4
Whole body 3
Back 2
Head 1
Amputation 1
Lower arm/hand 1
Severe Bleeding 18
Head 11
+6
Face 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Neck 1
Severe Lacerations 11
Head 7
+2
Face 3
Lower leg/foot 1
Concussion 21
Head 16
+11
Face 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Hip/upper leg 1
Neck 1
Whiplash 85
Neck 25
+20
Back 23
+18
Head 13
+8
Whole body 9
+4
Chest 8
+3
Lower leg/foot 8
+3
Shoulder/upper arm 4
Face 1
Contusion/Bruise 106
Lower leg/foot 33
+28
Head 15
+10
Shoulder/upper arm 14
+9
Lower arm/hand 11
+6
Hip/upper leg 10
+5
Whole body 9
+4
Face 7
+2
Back 5
Neck 5
Abdomen/pelvis 2
Chest 2
Abrasion 74
Lower leg/foot 35
+30
Lower arm/hand 17
+12
Head 10
+5
Face 4
Whole body 3
Eye 2
Hip/upper leg 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Pain/Nausea 29
Whole body 7
+2
Head 6
+1
Back 5
Neck 5
Lower leg/foot 3
Lower arm/hand 2
Face 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 14, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in District 18?

Preventable Speeding in CD 18 School Zones

(since 2022)

Caught Speeding Recently in CD 18

Vehicles – Caught Speeding in NYC (12 months)
  1. 2005 Toyota Hatc (J36VMS) – 87 times • 3 in last 90d here
  2. Vehicle (ER83553) – 52 times • 1 in last 90d here
  3. 2021 Black Toyota Suburban (JJS4906) – 43 times • 1 in last 90d here
  4. 2022 Black Tesla Sedan (THE4735) – 32 times • 1 in last 90d here
  5. 2023 Black Ford Pickup (LBW7368) – 26 times • 1 in last 90d here
Bronx River Parkway took two lives. District 18 keeps counting.

Bronx River Parkway took two lives. District 18 keeps counting.

District 18: Jan 1, 2022 - Aug 25, 2025

Two men died before dawn on the Bronx River Parkway. Police say a 21‑year‑old in a Mercedes tried to pass, hit a Volkswagen, then hit two motorcycles. Both riders—Manuel Amarantepenalo, 19, and Enrique Martinez, 21—were thrown and died at hospitals. The driver was charged with vehicular manslaughter and DWI. He refused a chemical test. Gothamist reported it. At arraignment, a sister said, “Two people were killed. He was drunk.” The Daily News carried her words.

Since 2022, Council District 18 has logged 19 deaths and 2,162 injuries in 3,875 crashes. Pedestrians bear nine of those deaths. SUVs and cars are tied to most harm. Trucks and buses add more bodies. The city’s crash data shows it.

Night is cruel here. From midnight to 2 a.m., injuries stack up. Deaths spike again at 1 a.m., 2 p.m., 8 p.m., 9 p.m., 10 p.m., and 11 p.m. The late hours cut deepest. Open Data tallies the hours.

Corners that don’t forgive

Drivers keep turning into people. In one case at White Plains Road and Wood Avenue, a 75‑year‑old man crossed with the signal. A BMW SUV turned left and killed him. Officers cited failure to yield and distraction. The police report lists it.

A pick‑up truck turning left on St. Raymond Avenue struck and killed a 47‑year‑old woman in the crosswalk. “Failure to yield” again. The dataset records it.

Who pays the price

Pedestrians: nine dead, 402 injured. Cyclists: three dead, 121 injured. People on scooters and mopeds: 118 injured, eight seriously. Inside vehicles: seven dead, 1,521 injured. Mode totals are in the data.

The usual killers show up on the forms: failure to yield. Inattention. Unsafe speed. Alcohol. “Other.” “Other” hides 14 deaths and 648 injuries in this district. It does not bring anyone back. See contributing factors.

The Bronx River Parkway case shook the room. “How could they let him go? How could they do that?” a mother asked outside court, as reported by the Daily News. The defense lawyer said, “My client is prepared to contest these charges.” Same report.

Fix what’s in front of us

Start where people die. Daylight corners on Westchester Avenue and White Plains Road. Harden left turns where turning kills. Add leading walk signals. Tow the junk that blocks sightlines and hides people at crossings—Council passed a law to remove abandoned vehicles fast; District 18’s member voted yes. The vote is on Legistar.

Target the late hours. Nighttime operations at repeat hotspots. Protect work crews and bus stops. The hourly and hotspot data point the way.

Citywide moves that save lives

Lower the default speed where people live. 20 mph turns strikes into bruises instead of funerals. Albany passed Sammy’s Law; the city can act. Our action page explains how to push it.

Stop the worst repeat drivers. The Stop Super Speeders Act would force speed limiters on cars that rack up violations. Survivors have asked for this. So have the numbers. Read more and call your reps.

Two young men died on a parkway built for speed. The district keeps counting the dead. Slow the cars. Stop the bleeding.

Take one step now: ask City Hall to drop speeds and rein in repeat speeders. Act here.

Citations

Citations

Fix the Problem

Amanda Farías
Council Member Amanda Farías
District 18
District Office:
1231 Lafayette Avenue, 2nd Floor, Bronx, NY 10474
718-792-1140
Legislative Office:
250 Broadway, Suite 1771, New York, NY 10007
212-788-7375

Other Representatives

Emérita Torres
Assembly Member Emérita Torres
District 85
District Office:
1163 Manor Ave. Store Front 1, Bronx, NY 10472
Legislative Office:
Room 833, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12248
Jose Serrano
State Senator Jose Serrano
District 29
District Office:
335 E. 100th St., New York, NY 10029
Legislative Office:
Room 418, Capitol Building 172 State St., Albany, NY 12247
Other Geographies

District 18 Council District 18 sits in Bronx, Precinct 43, AD 85, SD 29.

It contains Soundview-Bruckner-Bronx River, Soundview-Clason Point, Castle Hill-Unionport, Parkchester, Soundview Park, Westchester Square, Bronx CB9.

See also
Boroughs
Community Boards
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Council District 18

1
Int 0193-2024 Farías votes yes on taxi dooring warning decals, safety impact neutral.

May 1 - Council passes law. Taxis and for-hire cars must post bold warnings on rear doors. Riders face the message: look for cyclists before swinging the door. A move to cut dooring. City acts. Cyclists stay in the crosshairs.

Int 0193-2024, now law, cleared the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and passed City Council on May 1, 2025. The bill, titled 'A Local Law...requiring taxis and for-hire vehicles to display a decal warning passengers to look for cyclists when opening the door,' demands clear warning signs on all rear passenger doors. Lincoln Restler led as primary sponsor, joined by Gutiérrez, Hudson, Rivera, Won, and others. The Taxi and Limousine Commission must provide decals at no cost. The law aims to fight dooring, a threat to cyclists citywide. Enacted May 31, 2025, it takes effect in 120 days.


29
Ambulance Strikes Unconscious Bronx Man

Apr 29 - An ambulance hit an unconscious man on a Bronx street and drove off. The victim, left bleeding, waited for help. Police and a second EMS crew arrived later. The man survived. The FDNY is investigating the ambulance crew’s actions.

According to NY Daily News (April 29, 2025), an FDNY ambulance driver struck an unconscious man lying in the roadway at E. 149th St. and Brook Ave., then left without rendering aid. The victim had been knocked out moments earlier during a road rage assault. The article states, 'The entire incident is under review,' quoting FDNY spokeswoman Amanda Farinacci. The ambulance crew was responding to another emergency at the time. The driver has been placed on modified duty while the department investigates whether the crew realized they struck the victim. A second EMS crew and police arrived minutes later, transporting the man to Lincoln Hospital. The incident highlights risks faced by vulnerable road users and raises questions about emergency response protocols.


26
Bronx Carjacking Leaves Man Critically Injured

Apr 26 - A man clung to his car as a thief sped off. The driver sideswiped a parked car. The victim fell, suffering head trauma and a shattered leg. He faces amputation. The car was found abandoned. The street bears old scars.

NY Daily News reported on April 26, 2025, that a 32-year-old man in Pelham Bay, Bronx, was critically injured after trying to stop a carjacker. Surveillance video shows the victim sprinting to his double-parked Infiniti as a suspect entered and sped away. The suspect sideswiped a parked car, knocking the victim to the street. He suffered head trauma and a fractured leg, and may require amputation. The article quotes a local, 'This has absolutely happened before,' highlighting repeated car thefts in the area. The car was later found abandoned. The incident underscores persistent dangers for bystanders and the ongoing threat of vehicle theft in city neighborhoods.


24
Bronx Car Theft Leaves Man Critically Hurt

Apr 24 - A man clung to his car as a thief sped off. The car crashed into parked vehicles. He was crushed and struck again by a fleeing SUV. Blood pooled on the Bronx street. He was left with critical head and leg injuries.

ABC7 reported on April 24, 2025, that a 32-year-old man suffered critical injuries while trying to stop a car thief on Wilkinson Avenue in the Bronx. Surveillance video captured the suspect entering the double-parked Infiniti as the owner ran to intervene. The man was dragged for a block and a half before the car crashed into parked vehicles. ABC7 notes, 'Witnesses described a bloody scene and severe leg injury.' After falling, the victim was also struck by the suspect’s SUV. Police said the suspect abandoned the stolen car and fled on foot. The incident highlights the dangers of vehicle theft and high-speed flight on city streets. No arrests have been made.


15
Ambulance, Truck Crash Injures Three Bronx

Apr 15 - Steel met steel at dawn. The box truck flipped. Three people hurt—two in the ambulance, one in the truck. Sirens wailed. All went to Jacobi. The cause is still a question. The Bronx street stayed dangerous.

ABC7 reported on April 15, 2025, that an ambulance and a box truck collided at Pelham Parkway South and Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx just after 6:30 a.m. The article states, "The box truck overturned in the crash. Three people were hurt: the box truck driver and two ambulance workers." All were hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries. The cause remains under investigation. The crash highlights risks at busy intersections and the potential for severe outcomes when large vehicles collide. No driver actions have been detailed yet. The incident underscores ongoing safety concerns for workers and drivers on city streets.


10
Int 1105-2024 Farías votes yes to boost street safety transparency and accountability.

Apr 10 - Council passed a law forcing DOT to post sharp, regular updates on street safety projects. Progress on bike lanes, bus lanes, and signals must go public. No more hiding delays or cost overruns. The city must show its work.

Bill Int 1105-2024, now enacted, came through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Introduced November 13, 2024, it passed Council on April 10, 2025, and became law May 10, 2025. The bill's title: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code...in relation to tracking progress made towards the requirements of the streets master plan.' Council Member Julie Won led sponsorship, joined by Brooks-Powers, Hanif, Ayala, and others. The law demands DOT post annual and monthly updates on every project tied to the master plan—listing details, timelines, funding, and setbacks. This law brings sunlight to street safety work, making the city answer for every mile and missed deadline.


10
Int 1105-2024 Farías votes yes, boosting street safety transparency and project accountability.

Apr 10 - Council passed a law forcing DOT to post sharp, regular updates on street safety projects. Progress on bike lanes, bus lanes, and signals must go public. No more hiding delays or cost overruns. The city must show its work.

Bill Int 1105-2024, now enacted, came through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Introduced November 13, 2024, it passed Council on April 10, 2025, and became law May 10, 2025. The bill's title: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code...in relation to tracking progress made towards the requirements of the streets master plan.' Council Member Julie Won led sponsorship, joined by Brooks-Powers, Hanif, Ayala, and others. The law demands DOT post annual and monthly updates on every project tied to the master plan—listing details, timelines, funding, and setbacks. This law brings sunlight to street safety work, making the city answer for every mile and missed deadline.


2
Gunfire Erupts On Bronx Boulevard

Apr 2 - Two cars raced down Southern Boulevard. Gunshots cracked the air. A red sedan crashed, riddled with bullets. The driver called a cab, bleeding, desperate. He died at the hospital. The other car vanished. The street bore the scars.

According to NY Daily News (April 2, 2025), two drivers exchanged gunfire while speeding down Southern Blvd. near the Bronx Zoo. The 27-year-old victim, shot in the torso, crashed his red Hyundai into a stop sign at Southern Blvd. and Garden St. before calling a cab to St. Barnabas Hospital, where he died. A deli worker described, 'There were a whole lot of rounds... It was like a movie.' The other driver, in a black Honda CR-V, fled the scene. No arrests were made as police continued their investigation. The incident highlights the lethal mix of reckless driving and gun violence on city streets, endangering everyone nearby.


22
Hit-and-Run Kills Driver on Deegan

Mar 22 - A black Mercedes struck a southbound driver from behind on the Major Deegan. The Mercedes driver fled on foot. The victim died at St. Barnabas. Police closed lanes to investigate. The search for the fleeing driver continues.

ABC7 reported on March 22, 2025, that a deadly hit-and-run occurred around 3:45 a.m. on the Major Deegan Expressway near West Fordham Road in the Bronx. According to the NYPD, 'a 39-year-old man was driving southbound on the expressway when he was struck by a black Mercedes Benz sedan from behind.' The Mercedes driver exited the vehicle and fled the scene on foot, leaving the victim critically injured. First responders took the victim to St. Barnabas Hospital, where he died. All southbound lanes were closed for the investigation. The incident highlights the ongoing danger of hit-and-run crashes and the challenges police face in holding fleeing drivers accountable.


21
Hit-and-Run Driver Crushes Young Woman’s Leg

Mar 21 - An 18-year-old woman crossing E Tremont Ave was struck and left bleeding on the Bronx asphalt. The driver fled. Her leg was crushed. No name, no face, just pain and the echo of vanishing wheels.

According to the police report, an 18-year-old woman was crossing E Tremont Ave near Fink Ave when she was struck by a vehicle. The report states her 'leg [was] crushed' and she was found 'conscious on the cold pavement.' The driver did not remain at the scene, vanishing without providing aid or identification. The police report describes the incident as a hit-and-run, noting there was 'no name, no face. Just blood on the Bronx asphalt.' The report does not list any contributing factors attributed to the driver, but the act of fleeing highlights a systemic danger: drivers leaving injured pedestrians behind. The report notes the pedestrian was 'crossing, no signal, or crosswalk,' but does not cite this as a contributing factor to the crash.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4800524 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-18
19
Elderly Man Struck and Left Unconscious in Bronx Intersection

Mar 19 - An 81-year-old man lay bleeding and unconscious beneath the streetlights at Westchester and Metcalf. No driver stopped. No car remained. Only silence and the old man alone in the dark, another pedestrian left behind in the Bronx night.

According to the police report, an 81-year-old pedestrian was struck while crossing at the corner of Westchester Avenue and Metcalf Avenue in the Bronx. The report states the man was found unconscious with a head injury and severe bleeding. No driver remained at the scene, and no vehicle description was provided. The report notes, 'No driver stayed. No car described.' The pedestrian was left alone, with no witnesses or aid from the motorist responsible. The absence of any driver information or vehicle details underscores the systemic danger faced by pedestrians, especially when drivers flee and accountability vanishes. The police report does not list any contributing factors related to the victim's behavior.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4800199 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-18
26
MTA Bus Turns, Cyclist Killed Bronx

Feb 26 - A city bus turned onto Brook Avenue. The driver struck a cyclist. The man died at the scene. Police stayed. No charges filed. Another crash in Queens left one dead, one charged. The city’s streets remain hostile to the unprotected.

Gothamist reported on February 26, 2025, that an MTA bus driver fatally struck a 57-year-old cyclist while turning from East 149th Street onto Brook Avenue in the Bronx. The crash happened around 10:45 p.m. The bus, running as a subway replacement shuttle, was empty. The driver stayed at the scene and was not charged. NYPD’s Collision Investigation Squad is reviewing the incident. The article also details a separate fatal crash in Queens involving a suspected drunk driver. As Gothamist notes, 'Police are investigating two fatal crashes in the Bronx and Queens.' The Bronx crash highlights the persistent risks at intersections where turning vehicles endanger cyclists. No policy changes were announced.


25
Bronx Teen Killed In Dirt Bike Crash

Feb 25 - A dirt bike and minivan collided in Soundview. Two teens thrown. Juan Alexander Quizhpi Naranjo died. His passenger survived. The driver stayed. No charges. The street claimed another young life. Family left to mourn. The city moves on.

According to NY Daily News (published February 25, 2025), 17-year-old Juan Alexander Quizhpi Naranjo died after his dirt bike collided with a Honda Odyssey minivan at Metcalf Ave and E. 172nd St. in the Bronx. The crash happened around 6:45 p.m., with both Naranjo and his 14-year-old passenger thrown from the bike. The girl is expected to recover. The article notes, 'The 42-year-old man driving the Honda Odyssey remained at the scene. No charges were immediately filed as police continued to investigate.' The report highlights the ongoing investigation and the lack of immediate charges, pointing to systemic risks at the intersection. Family members shared memories and grief, underscoring the human toll of traffic violence.


24
Teen Motorcyclist Killed in Bronx Head-On Crash

Feb 24 - A 17-year-old on a motorbike collided head-on with an SUV on Metcalf Avenue. He was thrown from his seat, his skull striking the street. He died there, broken and still, as dusk closed in over the Bronx.

A 17-year-old male riding a motorbike was killed in a violent head-on collision with an SUV on Metcalf Avenue near East 172nd Street in the Bronx, according to the police report. The crash occurred at 18:44, with both vehicles listed as 'Going Straight Ahead' before impact. The police report states the motorbike struck the SUV's right front quarter panel, resulting in the teen being ejected and suffering fatal head injuries. The report notes the rider was not wearing a helmet at the time. Both contributing factors are listed as 'Unspecified' in the official documentation. The narrative describes the aftermath: 'He flew from the seat. His skull met the street. He died there, broken and still, as dusk closed in.' No driver errors are specifically cited in the police report, and no mention is made of victim behavior as a contributing factor beyond the absence of a helmet.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4794705 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-18
13
Int 1160-2025 Farías votes yes on pavement markings bill, boosting street safety citywide.

Feb 13 - Council orders DOT to repaint pavement lines within five days after resurfacing. Delays must be explained to the public. Clear markings mean fewer deadly gaps for walkers and riders.

Int 1160-2025, now enacted, passed the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and full Council in February 2025. The law demands the Department of Transportation install pavement markings or temporary lines within five business days after any street resurfacing. If DOT misses the deadline, it must notify the public and explain the delay. The bill’s matter title: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to installing pavement markings.' Council Member Farah N. Louis led as primary sponsor, joined by Brannan, Schulman, Banks, Farías, Carr, and Ariola. The law took effect March 15, 2025. Timely markings close the deadly window when streets lack crosswalks and lanes, protecting people on foot and bike.


13
Int 1160-2025 Farías votes yes to require faster pavement markings, boosting street safety.

Feb 13 - Council orders DOT to repaint pavement lines within five days after resurfacing. Delays must be explained to the public. Clear markings mean fewer deadly gaps for walkers and riders.

Int 1160-2025, now enacted, passed the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and full Council in February 2025. The law demands the Department of Transportation install pavement markings or temporary lines within five business days after any street resurfacing. If DOT misses the deadline, it must notify the public and explain the delay. The bill’s matter title: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to installing pavement markings.' Council Member Farah N. Louis led as primary sponsor, joined by Brannan, Schulman, Banks, Farías, Carr, and Ariola. The law took effect March 15, 2025. Timely markings close the deadly window when streets lack crosswalks and lanes, protecting people on foot and bike.


3
BMW SUV Turns, Kills Elderly Pedestrian in Bronx

Feb 3 - A BMW SUV turned through White Plains Road, striking a 75-year-old man crossing with the signal. The impact crushed him. He died in the street. The driver did not stop. The SUV showed no damage. The street kept moving.

According to the police report, a 75-year-old man was crossing White Plains Road near Wood Avenue in the Bronx, walking with the signal, when a BMW SUV made a left turn and struck him with its front end. The report states the pedestrian suffered fatal crush injuries and died at the scene. The driver did not remain, and the vehicle showed no visible damage. Police cite 'Failure to Yield Right-of-Way' and 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as contributing factors. The victim's behavior—'Crossing With Signal'—is noted in the report, but only after the documented driver errors. The crash underscores the lethal consequences of driver failure to yield and inattention at Bronx intersections.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4790185 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-18
17
MTA Bus Hangs Off Bronx Overpass

Jan 17 - A city bus teetered over a Bronx overpass after swerving to dodge a double-parked car. Steel scraped concrete. Debris rained down. No one was hurt. The wall broke. The rules broke first.

NY1 reported on January 17, 2025, that a BxM1 MTA bus nearly plunged from the Henry Hudson Parkway overpass after the driver swerved to avoid an illegally double-parked car. The bus crashed into the wall, leaving it hanging over the edge. Assemblyman Jeffrey Dinowitz said, "We’re told by the MTA that the bus was trying to get around an illegally double-parked car, and he hit the wall and went through it." No injuries were reported, but the crash caused structural damage and scattered debris below. City Councilman Eric Dinowitz noted, "It speaks to the importance of enforcing our parking rules because it was going around a double-parked car." The incident highlights the danger posed by lax parking enforcement and infrastructure vulnerable to impact.


13
Driver Flees After Striking Elderly Pedestrian in Crosswalk

Jan 13 - A 71-year-old woman crossing Boynton Avenue in a marked crosswalk was struck and left bleeding by a fleeing driver. Blood pooled on the pavement. She suffered head wounds and deep cuts. The driver vanished, leaving only silence behind.

According to the police report, a 71-year-old woman was crossing Boynton Avenue near 1030 in the Bronx, using a marked crosswalk. The incident occurred at approximately 16:50. The narrative states she was struck by a vehicle while crossing, resulting in severe head wounds and deep lacerations. Blood pooled on the pavement. The driver did not remain at the scene; the report notes, 'The driver vanished. Only silence remained.' The police report lists the contributing factor as 'Unspecified' and provides no details about the vehicle or driver. The pedestrian's actions are described as 'Crossing, No Signal, Marked Crosswalk,' but the report does not cite any pedestrian behavior as a contributing factor. The focus remains on the driver’s failure to remain at the scene and the systemic danger posed by hit-and-run incidents.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4786004 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-18
8
Int 1160-2025 Farías co-sponsors bill to speed up pavement markings, boosting street safety.

Jan 8 - Council orders DOT to repaint pavement lines within five days after resurfacing. Delays must be explained to the public. Clear markings mean fewer deadly crossings for walkers and riders.

Int 1160-2025, now enacted by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, forces the Department of Transportation to install pavement markings or temporary lines within five business days after any street resurfacing. The bill, sponsored by Farah N. Louis (primary) and co-sponsored by Brannan, Schulman, Banks, Farías, Carr, Ariola, and others, passed on March 15, 2025. The law demands annual reporting on compliance and reasons for any delay. The matter title reads: 'A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to installing pavement markings.' Quick, visible lines cut confusion and protect people crossing or riding. The law took effect immediately.