Crash Count for Queens CB12
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 8,879
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 5,354
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 1,077
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 44
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 21
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Aug 1, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in Queens CB12?

Eight Dead, No Answers: Queens Streets Demand Action Now

Eight Dead, No Answers: Queens Streets Demand Action Now

Queens CB12: Jan 1, 2022 - Aug 4, 2025

The Death Count Rises

Eight dead. Twenty seriously hurt. That’s the toll in Queens CB12 in the past year. These are not just numbers. They are people. A man, 62, crushed by an SUV on Linden Boulevard. A 19-year-old, thrown from his moped, killed on 90th Avenue. A woman, 45, struck crossing 111th Avenue on Christmas night. Each one gone. Each one leaves a hole.

Just last week, a 23-year-old man was run down on 101st Street and Liberty Boulevard. Police said, “Sonalall approached the driver’s side window and flashed what appeared to be a gun, startling the motorist to the point that he drove off, striking the menace” (New York Post). The DA filed no charges. The street is quiet again. The loss remains.

The Pattern: Cars, Trucks, and the Young

Most deaths come from cars and SUVs. In three years, 21 people died, 44 were seriously hurt, and over 5,300 were injured in 8,848 crashes (NYC Open Data). SUVs and sedans did most of the killing. Young men, old women, children—no one is spared. The dead are not just numbers. They are neighbors.

A mother’s words echo after her daughter’s death: “I wish they would never have given him that car. I wish they would never think about giving him that car—because if they didn’t give him that car, my daughter would still be here right now” (Gothamist).

What Leaders Have Done—and Not Done

Local leaders have taken some steps. Senator Leroy Comrie voted yes on the Stop Super Speeders Act, a bill to force repeat dangerous drivers to install speed limiters (Open States). Assembly Member Alicia Hyndman voted to extend school speed zones. But the carnage continues. There is no citywide 20 mph limit. There are no new safe crossings. There is no end to the waiting.

The Cost of Waiting

Every day of delay is another risk. The streets do not forgive. The dead do not return. The city has the power to lower speed limits now. The law is on the books. The leaders have the phone lines. The families have the grief.

Call your council member. Call the mayor. Demand a 20 mph speed limit and real protection for people who walk and bike. The time for waiting is over. The next name on the list could be someone you love.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where does Queens CB12 sit politically?
It belongs to borough Queens, city council district District 27, assembly district AD 29 and state senate district SD 14.
Which areas are in Queens CB12?
It includes the Jamaica, South Jamaica, Baisley Park, Springfield Gardens (North)-Rochdale Village, St. Albans, and Hollis neighborhoods. It also overlaps parts of Council Districts District 23, District 27, and District 28, Assembly Districts AD 29, AD 32, and AD 33, and State Senate Districts SD 10, SD 11, and SD 14.
What types of vehicles caused injuries and deaths to pedestrians in Queens CB12?
Most injuries and deaths to pedestrians in Queens CB12 were caused by SUVs and Sedans (5 deaths, 13 serious injuries, 844 total incidents), followed by Trucks and Buses (no deaths, 3 serious injuries, 56 total incidents), Motorcycles and Mopeds (no deaths, no serious injuries, 16 total incidents), and Bikes (no deaths, 1 serious injury, 13 total incidents).
Are these crashes just accidents, or are they preventable?
These crashes are preventable. Policies like lower speed limits, speed cameras, and safer street design can save lives. The city has the power to act now.
What can local politicians do to stop traffic violence?
Local politicians can lower speed limits, expand speed cameras, redesign dangerous streets, and support laws that target repeat dangerous drivers. They can act now to save lives.
What is CrashCount?
We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Citations

Other Representatives

Alicia Hyndman
Assembly Member Alicia Hyndman
District 29
District Office:
232-06A Merrick Blvd., Springfield Gardens, NY 11413
Legislative Office:
Room 717, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12248
Nantasha Williams
Council Member Nantasha Williams
District 27
District Office:
172-12 Linden Boulevard, St. Albans, NY 11434
718-527-4356
Legislative Office:
250 Broadway, Suite 1850, New York, NY 10007
212-788-6984
Twitter: CMBWilliams
Leroy Comrie
State Senator Leroy Comrie
District 14
District Office:
113-43 Farmers Blvd., St. Albans, NY 11412
Legislative Office:
Room 913, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12247
Other Geographies

Queens CB12 Queens Community Board 12 sits in Queens, District 27, AD 29, SD 14.

It contains Jamaica, South Jamaica, Baisley Park, Springfield Gardens (North)-Rochdale Village, St. Albans, Hollis.

See also
Boroughs
City Council Districts
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Queens Community Board 12

E-Scooter Strikes Pedestrian in Queens

A 56-year-old man suffered a head injury and concussion after an e-scooter traveling north struck him at the center front end. The rider passed too closely, causing serious harm. The pedestrian was semiconscious at the scene.

According to the police report, an e-scooter traveling north on 142 Place in Queens collided with a 56-year-old male pedestrian. The pedestrian sustained a head injury and was semiconscious, complaining of a concussion. The point of impact was the center front end of the e-scooter, which sustained no damage. The report identifies 'Passing Too Closely' as a contributing factor to the crash, indicating the e-scooter rider failed to maintain a safe distance from the pedestrian. No other driver errors or victim behaviors were cited. The pedestrian's injury severity was classified as level 3, reflecting serious harm. This crash highlights the dangers posed by close passing of vulnerable road users by micromobility vehicles.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4752286 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
SUV Fails to Yield, Collides with Sedan

A 22-year-old male driver was injured when an SUV making a right turn struck a sedan traveling straight. The impact damaged the front ends of both vehicles. Police cite failure to yield right-of-way and other vehicular errors as causes.

According to the police report, the crash occurred in Queens at 12:12 PM near 156-20 134 Avenue. A 22-year-old male driver in a sedan was injured and experienced shock. The report identifies the contributing factors as "Failure to Yield Right-of-Way" and "Other Vehicular" errors. The SUV, traveling northwest and making a right turn, struck the sedan traveling east. Impact occurred at the left front bumper of the SUV and the center front end of the sedan. The sedan driver was wearing a lap belt and harness and was not ejected. The report does not list any victim behaviors as contributing factors. The collision highlights driver errors in yielding right-of-way and other vehicular mistakes as the primary causes.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4752935 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
3
Aggressive Driving Injures Three Pedestrians in Queens

An aggressive driver sped eastbound on Foch Boulevard, striking three pedestrians at an intersection. The victims, including a toddler, suffered head and leg injuries. The driver showed no vehicle damage but caused serious harm through reckless behavior.

According to the police report, a male driver operating a Yamaha ATV with an open body type was traveling eastbound on Foch Boulevard in Queens at 19:13. The driver exhibited aggressive driving and unsafe speed, which are cited as contributing factors. The vehicle struck three pedestrians: a 2-year-old boy crossing at a marked crosswalk, a 31-year-old woman, and a 24-year-old man working in the roadway. All three pedestrians sustained injuries ranging from head trauma to abrasions and lower leg injuries, with injury severity rated at level 3. The driver’s point of impact was the center front end of the vehicle, which sustained no damage. The report highlights the driver’s aggressive behavior and unsafe speed as the primary causes of the crash, emphasizing systemic danger posed by reckless driving rather than any fault of the pedestrians.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4752287 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Distracted Sedan Driver Injures Passenger in Queens

A sedan slammed into another car on 115 Avenue. A 66-year-old woman in the back seat took the hit. Driver inattention caused the crash. She left with back injuries. Metal twisted. Streets stayed dangerous.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling north on 115 Avenue in Queens collided with a westbound vehicle at 11:40 a.m. The sedan struck the other car's left front bumper. A 66-year-old woman riding in the right rear seat of the sedan was injured in the crash, suffering back injuries but remaining conscious. The report lists 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as the primary contributing factor. No actions by the injured passenger contributed to the crash. The impact damaged the front ends of both vehicles. The injured passenger was wearing a lap belt and was not ejected.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4751873 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Sedan Strikes Helmeted Bicyclist on 164 Street

A sedan traveling west on 164 Street collided head-on with a bicyclist also moving west. The 27-year-old cyclist was ejected and suffered a head contusion but remained conscious. The driver’s improper lane usage contributed to the crash.

According to the police report, a 2023 Hyundai sedan driven by a licensed male driver was traveling west on 164 Street near Foch Boulevard when it struck a 27-year-old male bicyclist. The bicyclist, who was wearing a helmet, was ejected upon impact and sustained a head contusion. The sedan sustained damage to its right front quarter panel, while the bike had damage to its left front bumper. The report cites 'Passing or Lane Usage Improper' as a contributing factor, indicating driver error. Additionally, 'Pedestrian/Bicyclist/Other Pedestrian Error/Confusion' was noted but the report does not specify victim fault. The cyclist remained conscious after the collision. The driver’s failure to maintain proper lane control directly led to the collision with the vulnerable road user.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4752285 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Sedan Turns Right, Strikes E-Bike Rider

A sedan making a right turn collided with an e-bike traveling straight on 111 Avenue in Queens. The 70-year-old e-bike rider suffered a head abrasion but was conscious. Police cite the sedan driver’s failure to yield as the cause.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 18:03 on 111 Avenue in Queens. A sedan, driven by a licensed female driver traveling south and making a right turn, struck an e-bike traveling southwest straight ahead. The point of impact was the left front bumper on both vehicles. The e-bike rider, a 70-year-old man, was injured with a head abrasion but remained conscious and was not ejected. The police report explicitly states the contributing factor as 'Failure to Yield Right-of-Way' by the sedan driver. No other contributing factors were listed for the e-bike rider. The collision highlights the danger posed by vehicle drivers failing to yield to vulnerable road users like e-bike riders.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4749527 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Int 0745-2024
Adams votes yes on bill requiring DOT to report micromobility data, no direct safety impact.

City law now forces DOT to reveal where bikes and scooters go. Streets and bridges, protected or not. Data goes public. Riders’ movement, danger, and safety projects laid bare. No more hiding the facts.

Int 0745-2024, now enacted, came through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. It was introduced April 11, 2024, and passed on August 15, 2024. The law orders the Department of Transportation to post current bicycle and micromobility ridership data online, updated monthly or at least yearly. The matter summary reads: 'requiring the department of transportation to provide information about bicycle and other micromobility device activity.' Council Member Selvena N. Brooks-Powers led as primary sponsor, joined by Farías, Restler, Hudson, Schulman, and others. The law demands transparency on where riders travel and what DOT does to keep them safe. This opens the books on bike movement and exposes gaps in protection.


Int 0745-2024
Williams is absent as Council passes neutral-impact micromobility data transparency bill.

City law now forces DOT to reveal where bikes and scooters go. Streets and bridges, protected or not. Data goes public. Riders’ movement, danger, and safety projects laid bare. No more hiding the facts.

Int 0745-2024, now enacted, came through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. It was introduced April 11, 2024, and passed on August 15, 2024. The law orders the Department of Transportation to post current bicycle and micromobility ridership data online, updated monthly or at least yearly. The matter summary reads: 'requiring the department of transportation to provide information about bicycle and other micromobility device activity.' Council Member Selvena N. Brooks-Powers led as primary sponsor, joined by Farías, Restler, Hudson, Schulman, and others. The law demands transparency on where riders travel and what DOT does to keep them safe. This opens the books on bike movement and exposes gaps in protection.


Sedan Driver Injured in Queens Collision

A 41-year-old woman driving a sedan suffered a fractured shoulder and dislocation after colliding with parked vehicles on 110 Avenue in Queens. Alcohol involvement was noted, and the driver was conscious and not ejected from the vehicle.

According to the police report, the crash occurred on 110 Avenue in Queens at 7:00 PM involving a 2024 Kia sedan traveling southbound. The driver, a 41-year-old female, was injured with a fractured and dislocated shoulder but remained conscious and was not ejected from the vehicle. The sedan struck the left side doors of two parked sedans, a 2007 BMW and a 2009 Lincoln, causing damage to the front center end of the Kia. The report cites alcohol involvement as a contributing factor to the crash. No other driver errors or victim behaviors were specified. The injured driver was not using any safety equipment at the time. The collision highlights the dangers posed by impaired driving and the risks of impacting parked vehicles in urban settings.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4752284 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Pedestrian Struck by E-Scooter on Jamaica Avenue

A 40-year-old man crossing at a marked crosswalk on Jamaica Avenue was struck by an e-scooter. He suffered a head contusion and was conscious at the scene. The crash highlights dangers posed by e-scooter operators in busy intersections.

According to the police report, a 40-year-old male pedestrian was injured while crossing Jamaica Avenue at a marked crosswalk without a signal. The pedestrian sustained a head contusion and remained conscious. The collision involved an e-scooter, classified as a moped, with no occupants other than the driver. The report does not list any contributing factors from the pedestrian or the e-scooter driver, nor does it indicate driver errors such as failure to yield or speeding. The incident occurred in Queens at 15:45. The lack of explicit driver errors in the report does not diminish the systemic danger posed by e-scooters operating in pedestrian-heavy intersections.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747550 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Sedan Driver Injured in Queens Crash During Police Pursuit

A 25-year-old male driver suffered arm abrasions after a high-speed collision in Queens. The crash involved a BMW sedan engaged in a police pursuit striking a parked vehicle. Unsafe speed and passing too closely were cited as contributing factors.

According to the police report, the crash occurred in Queens near 160 Street at 12:57 a.m. The driver, a 25-year-old male occupant of a 2020 BMW sedan, was injured with abrasions to his elbow, lower arm, and hand. The report states the driver was wearing a lap belt and harness and was conscious after the crash. The BMW was involved in a police pursuit traveling north when it collided with a parked sedan, impacting the right front bumper of the BMW and the left rear quarter panel of the parked vehicle. The police report explicitly identifies "Unsafe Speed" and "Passing Too Closely" as contributing factors to the collision. The driver was licensed in New York. No pedestrian or cyclist was involved, and no victim behaviors were noted as contributing factors by the police.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747687 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Queens Sedan Collision Injures Young Female Driver

Two sedans collided on Francis Lewis Boulevard in Queens. A 21-year-old female driver suffered knee and lower leg abrasions. Police cited unsafe speed and other vehicular factors as causes. Both vehicles sustained right front bumper damage in the crash.

According to the police report, the crash occurred on Francis Lewis Boulevard near 115 Avenue in Queens at 16:20. Two sedans collided, one making a left turn and the other traveling straight ahead. The 21-year-old female driver of the turning sedan was injured, sustaining abrasions to her knee, lower leg, and foot. She was conscious and wearing a lap belt at the time. The report lists 'Other Vehicular' and 'Unsafe Speed' as contributing factors, indicating driver errors related to vehicle operation. Both vehicles suffered damage to their right front bumpers. No pedestrian or cyclist was involved, and no victim behaviors were cited as contributing factors. The collision highlights risks from unsafe speed and vehicle maneuvering errors in Queens traffic.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747701 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Pedestrian Injured Emerging from Parked Car Queens

A 67-year-old man suffered serious hip and upper leg injuries after stepping out from behind a parked sedan on 160 Street in Queens. The vehicle’s front center end was damaged. The pedestrian was left in shock with internal complaints.

According to the police report, a 67-year-old male pedestrian was injured while emerging from in front of or behind a parked 2016 Honda sedan on 160 Street in Queens at 8:46 p.m. The vehicle was stationary before the crash, and the point of impact was the center front end of the sedan, which sustained damage. The pedestrian suffered hip and upper leg injuries with a severity level of 3 and was reported to be in shock with internal complaints. The report lists unspecified contributing factors for the pedestrian, but no driver errors or violations such as failure to yield or speeding were cited. No helmet or crossing signal factors were noted. The incident highlights the dangers pedestrians face when stepping out from behind parked vehicles.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747553 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Sedan Hits Parked Pickup Truck in Queens

A sedan traveling east struck a parked pickup truck on 172 Street in Queens. The front passenger in the sedan suffered a head injury and minor bleeding. Driver distraction caused the collision, leaving the passenger in shock and injured.

According to the police report, at 18:14 on 172 Street in Queens, a sedan traveling east collided with a parked pickup truck. The point of impact was the sedan's center front end striking the pickup truck's left front bumper. The sedan carried eight occupants, including a 32-year-old female front passenger who was injured with a head wound and minor bleeding, and was wearing a lap belt. The report identifies driver inattention or distraction as the contributing factor to the crash. The injured passenger was not ejected but was in shock following the collision. No other contributing factors or victim behaviors were noted in the report.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747548 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Pedestrian Injured by Vehicle Backing on Farmers Boulevard

A 44-year-old woman crossing at a marked crosswalk was struck by a vehicle backing south on Farmers Boulevard. The impact caused neck injuries. According to the police report, the driver’s unsafe backing was the primary cause of the collision.

At 16:20, a 44-year-old female pedestrian was crossing Farmers Boulevard at a marked crosswalk when she was struck by a vehicle traveling south that was backing up. According to the police report, the driver’s action of "Backing Unsafely" was cited twice as the contributing factor to the crash. The vehicle impacted the pedestrian at the center back end, causing neck injuries classified as severity level 3. The pedestrian was conscious and complained of internal injuries. The report explicitly identifies driver error in backing unsafely as the cause, with no contributing factors attributed to the pedestrian’s behavior. This crash highlights the dangers posed by vehicles reversing in areas with pedestrian traffic.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747706 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
2
Two SUVs Collide on Queens Avenue Injuring Two

Two sport utility vehicles collided on 93 Avenue in Queens. Both drivers were traveling east when impact occurred on the left side doors of one SUV and the right front bumper of the other. Two occupants suffered neck injuries but remained conscious.

According to the police report, the crash involved two station wagons/SUVs traveling eastbound on 168-19 93 Avenue in Queens at 8:20 p.m. Both vehicles were going straight ahead when the collision occurred. The point of impact was the left side doors of a 2022 Dodge SUV and the right front bumper of a 2019 Jeep SUV. The driver of the Dodge SUV, a 35-year-old male, sustained neck injuries classified as injury severity 3 and was conscious at the scene. A 58-year-old female passenger in the Jeep SUV also suffered neck injuries with the same severity and remained conscious. Both occupants were not ejected from their vehicles. The police report lists contributing factors as unspecified, providing no explicit driver errors such as failure to yield or speeding. The report focuses on the collision dynamics and resulting injuries without attributing fault to either driver.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4746618 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
4
Two SUVs Collide on Queens 148 Street

Two sport utility vehicles collided on 148 Street in Queens, injuring four occupants. The impact struck the right front bumper of one SUV and the left front bumper of the other. All injured remained conscious but suffered internal injuries.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 18:05 on 148 Street in Queens involving two sport utility vehicles. One SUV, traveling north, was struck on its right front bumper by another SUV making a right turn westbound, impacting its left front bumper. Four occupants were injured: a 63-year-old female driver and three passengers aged 42, 54, and 39. All were conscious and sustained internal injuries to various body parts including the entire body, hip-upper leg, back, and neck. The report lists the contributing factors as unspecified, with no clear driver errors such as failure to yield or speeding noted. No pedestrian or cyclist was involved, and no victim behaviors were cited as contributing factors.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4746615 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Rear-End Collision Injures Child Passenger

Two sedans collided on Hannibal Street in Queens. The rear vehicle struck the front car’s center back end. An 11-year-old girl in the rear sedan suffered neck injuries and whiplash. Slippery pavement and tailgating caused the crash.

According to the police report, two sedans traveling north on Hannibal Street collided at 2:30 p.m. The rear vehicle impacted the center back end of the front vehicle. The report cites "Following Too Closely" and "Pavement Slippery" as contributing factors. An 11-year-old female occupant in the rear sedan, secured with a lap belt and harness, sustained neck injuries and whiplash. She was conscious and not ejected from the vehicle. Both drivers were licensed in New York. The collision’s impact and driver error—specifically tailgating on slippery pavement—led to the child's injuries. No victim behaviors were listed as contributing factors.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4746548 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
E-Bike Turns, Strikes Woman Exiting Car

An e-bike rider turned on 165th Street, failed to yield, and struck a woman stepping from a car. She fell hard, blood pooling, her leg torn open. The rider kept going. The street bore witness. No damage to the bike. Only flesh.

A woman, age 54, was seriously injured on 165th Street near Jamaica Avenue in Queens when an e-bike rider making a right turn struck her as she stepped down from a car, according to the police report. The report states the e-bike 'did not stop' and that the rider 'kept going.' The woman suffered severe lacerations to her lower leg, with blood visible on the pavement. The police report identifies 'Failure to Yield Right-of-Way' as the sole contributing factor, explicitly attributing the crash to the e-bike rider's actions. The victim was not at an intersection and was in the process of getting on or off a vehicle when struck. No damage was reported to the e-bike. The narrative centers the impact and aftermath, underscoring the consequences of driver error.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4747636 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08
Motorcycle Ejected After SUV Rear-Ends on Van Wyck

A motorcycle driver was ejected and suffered back injuries after a rear-end collision with an SUV on Van Wyck Expressway. The SUV driver’s inattention caused the crash. The motorcyclist wore a helmet but was thrown from the bike, sustaining contusions.

According to the police report, a collision occurred on Van Wyck Expressway involving a motorcycle and a sport utility vehicle (SUV), both traveling northbound. The SUV struck the motorcycle from behind, impacting the center back end of the SUV and the center front end of the motorcycle. The motorcycle driver, a 20-year-old male wearing a helmet, was ejected from his vehicle and sustained back injuries and contusions. The report cites 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as the contributing factor, indicating the SUV driver failed to maintain proper attention, leading to the rear-end collision. The motorcyclist was conscious after the crash but suffered injury severity level 3. No other contributing factors or victim behaviors were noted in the report.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4746170 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-08-08