Crash Count for Bronx CB8
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 2,685
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 1,461
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 361
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 27
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 8
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 15, 2025
Carnage in CB 208
Killed 8
Crush Injuries 4
Head 2
Whole body 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Severe Bleeding 11
Head 7
+2
Face 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Whole body 1
Severe Lacerations 9
Head 3
Face 2
Whole body 2
Lower leg/foot 1
Neck 1
Concussion 15
Head 9
+4
Whole body 2
Back 1
Lower arm/hand 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whiplash 70
Neck 29
+24
Back 17
+12
Head 16
+11
Whole body 5
Chest 4
Hip/upper leg 3
Shoulder/upper arm 3
Abdomen/pelvis 2
Contusion/Bruise 62
Lower leg/foot 20
+15
Head 9
+4
Whole body 7
+2
Lower arm/hand 6
+1
Hip/upper leg 5
Shoulder/upper arm 4
Abdomen/pelvis 3
Face 3
Back 2
Chest 1
Eye 1
Neck 1
Abrasion 43
Lower leg/foot 18
+13
Head 7
+2
Face 6
+1
Lower arm/hand 6
+1
Shoulder/upper arm 3
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Back 1
Whole body 1
Pain/Nausea 16
Neck 5
Back 2
Lower arm/hand 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Whole body 2
Chest 1
Head 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 15, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in Bronx CB8?

Preventable Speeding in CB 208 School Zones

(since 2022)

Bronx Streets Bleed—Leaders Stall. Demand Action Now.

Bronx CB8: Jan 1, 2022 - Jun 4, 2025

The Bodies in the Road

A woman steps into the crosswalk at Corlear and West 230th. An SUV turns left. She does not make it to the other side. She is 24. She dies where the light still blinks. In the last twelve months, 2 people have died and 7 more have suffered serious injuries on the streets of Bronx CB8. 336 have been hurt. The numbers are not just numbers. They are broken ribs, crushed skulls, and families left with silence.

The Machines That Kill

SUVs and cars did most of the damage. In three years, SUVs killed three pedestrians and left dozens more bleeding. Trucks, sedans, bikes, and mopeds all played their part. The violence is steady. It does not care about age. Children, the old, the young—no one is spared. The dead do not get to tell their stories. The living carry them.

The Leaders and Their Words

When a city bus nearly plunged off the Henry Hudson Parkway, the wall gave way. The bus was trying to avoid a double-parked car. Assemblyman Jeffrey Dinowitz said the bus was trying to get around an illegally double-parked car, hit the wall, and went through it. Thankfully, nobody was hurt. But the next time, someone will be. Councilman Eric Dinowitz noted that even a very big bus, going slowly, can do a lot of damage, and stressed the importance of enforcing parking rules because it was going around a double-parked car. He pointed out that parking regulations are not being enforced across the city.

Local leaders talk about enforcement. They talk about repairs. They do not talk about speed limits, protected crossings, or the hard work of redesign. The silence is loud. The clock keeps ticking.

The Call to Action

This is not fate. This is policy. Every death is a choice made by someone in power. Call your council member. Demand lower speed limits. Demand protected crossings. Demand action before another name is added to the list.

Take action now.

Citations

Citations

Other Representatives

Jeffrey Dinowitz
Assembly Member Jeffrey Dinowitz
District 81
District Office:
3107 Kingsbridge Ave., Bronx, NY 10463
Legislative Office:
Room 632, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12248
Eric Dinowitz
Council Member Eric Dinowitz
District 11
District Office:
277 West 231st Street, Bronx, NY 10463
718-549-7300
Legislative Office:
250 Broadway, Suite 1775, New York, NY 10007
212-788-7080
Twitter: @ericdinowitz
Gustavo Rivera
State Senator Gustavo Rivera
District 33
District Office:
2432 Grand Concourse, Suite 506, Bronx, NY 10458
Legislative Office:
Room 502, Capitol Building, Albany, NY 12247
Other Geographies

Bronx CB8 Bronx Community Board 8 sits in Bronx, Precinct 50, District 11, AD 81, SD 33.

It contains Kingsbridge Heights-Van Cortlandt Village, Kingsbridge-Marble Hill, Riverdale-Spuyten Duyvil.

See also
Boroughs
City Council Districts
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Bronx Community Board 8

20
Dinowitz Urges Citywide Red Light Camera Expansion Safety Boost

Mar 20 - Red-light running kills. Twenty-nine dead last year. Highest ever. Reckless drivers surge post-pandemic. City report demands more cameras—jump from 150 to 1,325 intersections. Officials back the bill. Victims’ families demand action. Cameras cut crashes. But the most dangerous drivers remain loose.

On March 20, 2024, the Department of Transportation released a report urging passage of a bill to expand New York City’s red-light camera program. The bill, supported by DOT Commissioner Ydanis Rodriguez and sponsored by State Senator Andrew Goundardes, would boost camera coverage from 150 to 1,325 intersections—about 10% of the city’s 13,700 signals. The report states: “Expanding the number of intersections with red light cameras... could substantially enhance the deterrent effect of the program and return New York City to the consistently downward trend of red light-running behavior we had seen prior to the pandemic.” Assembly Member Jeffrey Dinowitz also supports expansion, calling for cameras at every intersection. The DOT notes that cameras have slashed T-bone crashes by 65% and rear-end collisions by 49% at monitored sites, but the statutory cap blocks broader safety gains. Relatives of crash victims joined the call, demanding the city confront driver negligence and protect the community.


20
S 6808 Jackson votes yes to create safety zones, improving street safety for all.

Mar 20 - Senate passes S 6808. The bill creates first responder safety zones. It sets speed limits in these zones. Lawmakers act after crashes and close calls. The vote is strong. The danger is real. The streets demand change.

Senate bill S 6808, titled 'Relates to establishing first responder safety zones and setting speed limits in such safety zones,' moved through committee and passed multiple Senate votes between May 2023 and March 2024. Primary sponsor John Mannion led the push, joined by Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., Iwen Chu, and Pamela Helming. The bill aims to carve out protected zones for first responders and lower speed limits in those areas. The measure passed with broad support, reflecting urgency after repeated crashes near emergency scenes. The bill’s text and votes show lawmakers responding to the deadly toll of reckless driving near first responders. Vulnerable road users—pedestrians, passengers, and responders—stand in harm’s way. The bill targets that risk.


20
S 6808 Rivera votes yes to create safety zones, improving street safety for all.

Mar 20 - Senate passes S 6808. The bill creates first responder safety zones. It sets speed limits in these zones. Lawmakers act after crashes and close calls. The vote is strong. The danger is real. The streets demand change.

Senate bill S 6808, titled 'Relates to establishing first responder safety zones and setting speed limits in such safety zones,' moved through committee and passed multiple Senate votes between May 2023 and March 2024. Primary sponsor John Mannion led the push, joined by Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., Iwen Chu, and Pamela Helming. The bill aims to carve out protected zones for first responders and lower speed limits in those areas. The measure passed with broad support, reflecting urgency after repeated crashes near emergency scenes. The bill’s text and votes show lawmakers responding to the deadly toll of reckless driving near first responders. Vulnerable road users—pedestrians, passengers, and responders—stand in harm’s way. The bill targets that risk.


8
SUV and Moped Collide on Corlear Avenue

Mar 8 - A moped turning right struck the left front quarter panel of a southbound SUV on Corlear Avenue in the Bronx. Both drivers and a passenger suffered whiplash and internal injuries. Police cited passenger distraction and traffic control disregard as factors.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 11:27 AM on Corlear Avenue in the Bronx. A moped traveling northwest was making a right turn when it collided with the left front quarter panel of a southbound SUV. The SUV had one male driver, and the moped had no occupants. Three occupants in the SUV were injured: the male driver, a female passenger in the middle front seat, and a second male driver. Injuries included whiplash, internal injuries, and trauma to the abdomen, pelvis, neck, and back. The report identifies 'Passenger Distraction' and 'Traffic Control Disregarded' as contributing factors, highlighting driver errors. The injured occupants were conscious and restrained with lap belts, and none were ejected. The collision caused damage to the left front quarter panel of the moped and the left side doors of the SUV.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4711212 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
7
Int 0606-2024 Dinowitz co-sponsors e-bike registration bill, reducing overall street safety.

Mar 7 - Council wants every e-bike and scooter tagged and tracked. Plates on wheels. Riders face new rules. Lawmakers say it’s about order. The bill sits in committee. Streets wait.

Int 0606-2024 was introduced on March 7, 2024, in the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. The bill, titled "A Local Law to amend the administrative code...requiring that every bicycle with electric assist, electric scooter and other legal motorized vehicle be licensed and registered," would force all e-bikes, e-scooters, and similar vehicles not covered by DMV rules to register with DOT and display visible plates. Council Member Inna Vernikov is the primary sponsor, joined by 26 co-sponsors including Holden, Farías, Riley, and others. The bill was laid over in committee and has not advanced. No safety analysis for vulnerable road users was provided.


29
Distracted Driver Triggers Bronx Chain Collision

Feb 29 - A distracted driver struck stopped cars on Broadway. Metal crumpled. One man suffered neck injuries. The crash cut through the Bronx midday, exposing the risk of inattention behind the wheel.

According to the police report, a crash unfolded at 12:50 PM near 6007 Broadway in the Bronx. A sedan making a right turn collided with vehicles stopped in traffic, including an SUV and a truck. The report lists 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as the primary contributing factor. A 28-year-old male driver suffered neck injuries described as whiplash and was conscious at the scene. The sedan's right front quarter panel and the SUV's left rear bumper were damaged. No victim actions contributed to the crash. The incident highlights the danger posed by driver distraction on crowded city streets.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4706025 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
29
Dinowitz Backs Safety Boosting Covered Bike Parking Mandate

Feb 29 - Council Members Marte and Dinowitz push for covered bike parking in parks and city buildings. The bill demands weather-proof shelters and storage, aiming to meet the city’s cycling surge. Lawmakers want fewer cars, more bikes, and safer streets for all.

On February 29, 2024, Council Member Chris Marte introduced a bill in the New York City Council requiring covered bike parking in parks and city-owned buildings. The bill, co-sponsored by Council Member Eric Dinowitz, is under committee review. The legislation states, 'the city would have to install between one and five weather-proof enclosures with six to eight spaces apiece, depending on the size of the park.' Parks over 2.5 acres must have at least one shelter; parks over 250 acres need five. City buildings over 10,000 square feet, including public schools, must provide bike storage for workers and visitors. Marte said, 'If we want to get off the reliance of people commuting by car, we have to offer them alternative ways to get there.' The Parks Department and city agencies must report on implementation or explain impracticality. This bill targets safer, more accessible bike infrastructure for New Yorkers.


16
Distracted Driver Hits Pedestrian Crossing West 254 Street

Feb 16 - A 41-year-old woman suffered elbow and arm injuries after a sedan struck her at a marked crosswalk on West 254 Street. The driver, making a left turn, failed to notice the pedestrian due to inattention, causing a collision that left the victim in shock.

According to the police report, a male driver operating a 2010 Honda sedan was making a left turn on West 254 Street at 6:52 AM when he struck a 41-year-old female pedestrian crossing at a marked crosswalk without a signal. The point of impact was the vehicle's left front bumper. The pedestrian sustained injuries to her elbow, lower arm, and hand, and was reported to be in shock with complaints of pain or nausea. The report explicitly cites 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as the primary contributing factor to the crash. No damage was reported to the vehicle, and the driver was licensed in New York. The pedestrian's crossing behavior was noted but not listed as a contributing factor. This incident highlights the dangers posed by distracted driving during turning maneuvers in pedestrian-heavy areas.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4702989 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
14
Distracted Sedan Slams Stopped Cars on Bailey

Feb 14 - A distracted driver plowed a BMW sedan into stopped vehicles on Bailey Avenue. A rear passenger was hurt. Police cite inattention and distraction. Metal twisted. Lives shaken. System failed to protect the vulnerable.

According to the police report, a BMW sedan heading north on Bailey Avenue struck several vehicles stopped in traffic. The crash left a 30-year-old female rear passenger injured with an abrasion to her shoulder and upper arm. Police identified 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as the cause. The BMW hit the left rear quarter of an SUV and the back ends of two sedans. The report lists no errors by any passenger. The chain collision damaged multiple vehicles and left one passenger hurt. The record highlights the driver's failure to pay attention and control the car.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4702770 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
14
Sedan Strikes Pedestrian Crossing With Signal

Feb 14 - A 57-year-old woman suffered severe leg fractures after a sedan struck her at a Bronx intersection. The driver’s unsafe speed caused the collision despite the pedestrian crossing with the signal. The victim remained conscious but seriously injured.

According to the police report, a 57-year-old female pedestrian was crossing West 234 Street at an intersection with the signal when she was struck by a 2022 Subaru sedan traveling straight ahead. The collision occurred at 3:26 PM in the Bronx. The pedestrian suffered fractures and dislocations to her knee, lower leg, and foot, classified as serious injuries. The report cites the driver’s unsafe speed as a contributing factor to the crash. The pedestrian’s crossing with the signal is noted but not listed as a contributing factor. The vehicle showed no damage, indicating the impact was significant enough to injure the pedestrian without damaging the sedan. This crash highlights the dangers posed by speeding drivers to lawful pedestrians in city intersections.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4702769 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
4
Two Pick-up Trucks Collide in Bronx Crash

Feb 4 - Two pick-up trucks collided on Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx. A 7-year-old passenger suffered an eye contusion. Police cited improper passing or lane usage as the cause. Both vehicles sustained damage, with injuries reported but no ejections.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 15:53 on Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx involving two pick-up trucks. One vehicle was traveling southwest going straight ahead, while the other was making a U-turn. The point of impact was the right front bumper of one truck and the left side doors of the other. The report identifies 'Passing or Lane Usage Improper' as the contributing factor, indicating driver error in maneuvering or lane control. A 7-year-old male occupant, seated as a left rear passenger and secured with a lap belt and harness, sustained an eye contusion and bruising. Both drivers were licensed, and no ejections occurred. The collision caused damage to the front bumper and side doors of the vehicles, highlighting the dangers of improper lane usage in vehicle-to-vehicle crashes.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4701925 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
3
Sedan Turning Improperly Collides with Sedan

Feb 3 - A sedan making an improper turn struck another sedan traveling straight on West 228 Street in the Bronx. The turning driver, a 23-year-old woman, was injured and suffered shock. Both vehicles sustained front and rear quarter panel damage.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 22:53 on West 228 Street in the Bronx. A 23-year-old female driver was making a U-turn when she collided with another sedan traveling northwest. The report cites "Turning Improperly" as the contributing factor for the crash. The turning vehicle impacted the center front end of the other sedan, which sustained damage to its left rear quarter panel. The injured driver was wearing a lap belt and was not ejected but suffered injuries classified as severity level 3 and was in shock. The report does not list any victim behaviors as contributing factors, focusing on the turning driver's error as the cause.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4700431 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
28
Sedan Strikes Moped on West 195 Street

Jan 28 - A sedan collided with a moped on West 195 Street shortly after midnight. The moped driver suffered a fractured hip and upper leg injuries. Police cite the sedan driver for disregarding traffic controls, causing the violent impact and serious injuries.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 12:26 a.m. on West 195 Street involving a sedan and a moped. The sedan, traveling west, struck the moped traveling south. The point of impact was the sedan's right front quarter panel and the moped's center front end. The moped driver, a 27-year-old male, sustained serious injuries including a fractured and dislocated hip and upper leg, and remained conscious after the collision. The sedan driver, a licensed female, was cited for 'Traffic Control Disregarded,' indicating failure to obey traffic signals or signs. No contributing factors related to the moped driver were noted. The report highlights the sedan driver's error as the primary cause of this violent crash that resulted in severe harm to the vulnerable moped rider.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4699584 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
27
Sedan Strikes Moped on West 238 Street

Jan 27 - A sedan making a right turn hit a southbound moped on West 238 Street in the Bronx. The moped driver suffered head injuries and abrasions. Police cited unsafe speed as a contributing factor. The sedan’s left front bumper was damaged.

According to the police report, the crash occurred at 1:22 AM on West 238 Street in the Bronx. A 44-year-old male moped driver traveling south was struck by a northbound Ford sedan making a right turn. The point of impact was the sedan's left front bumper and the moped's center front end. The moped driver sustained head injuries and abrasions but was conscious and not ejected. The report identifies unsafe speed as a contributing factor to the collision. The sedan had two occupants and was driven by a licensed male driver. No other contributing factors or victim behaviors were noted. The damage was localized to the sedan’s left front bumper and the moped’s front end, underscoring the impact dynamics.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4698005 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
26
Pedestrian Injured by Sedan on Bronx Avenue

Jan 26 - A 52-year-old woman suffered upper leg injuries after a collision with a southbound sedan on Bailey Avenue in the Bronx. The pedestrian was conscious and internally injured. The vehicle showed no damage and no driver errors were specified in the report.

According to the police report, a 52-year-old female pedestrian was injured in a collision with a sedan traveling south on Bailey Avenue near West 238 Street in the Bronx at 5:45 AM. The pedestrian sustained internal injuries to her hip and upper leg and remained conscious. The sedan involved showed no damage and had no occupants at the time. The report lists no contributing factors or driver errors such as failure to yield or speeding. The pedestrian’s location and actions at the time of the crash are unspecified, and no helmet or crossing signal use was noted as contributing factors. The absence of driver fault in the report leaves the cause of the collision unclear, but the impact resulted in serious injury to the pedestrian.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4699434 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
25
Dinowitz Supports Safety Boosting Red Light Camera Expansion

Jan 25 - Albany weighs bills A5259 and S2812 to keep and expand red-light cameras past December. Assembly Member Dinowitz and Senator Gounardes push for more cameras. DOT data shows fewer violations and crashes. Advocates demand action. The cap leaves neighborhoods exposed. Lives hang in the balance.

Bills A5259 and S2812 face debate in the New York State legislature. If lawmakers fail to act, the city’s red-light cameras—now capped at 150 intersections—will shut off December 1, 2024. The matter, described as 'reauthorize and expand the city's red-light camera program,' is championed by Assembly Member Jeffrey Dinowitz and Senate co-sponsor Andrew Gounardes. Dinowitz, the sponsor, urges expansion, stating, 'We should have red-light cameras on every intersection.' Gounardes expects a review and expansion. DOT data backs them: violations and rear-end crashes have dropped at camera sites. Residents like Amy Bettys call the cap dangerous. Advocacy groups support the bills, though they are not a top priority. Dinowitz stresses automated enforcement is vital with limited police. The bills await committee action. Vulnerable road users face risk if the program lapses.


14
Sedan Fails to Yield, Injures Toddler Pedestrian

Jan 14 - A 1-year-old boy was injured crossing with the signal when a sedan making a right turn failed to yield. The child suffered a concussion and arm injuries. The driver’s failure to yield right-of-way caused the collision at a Bronx intersection.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling southwest on Orloff Avenue in the Bronx was making a right turn when it failed to yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian. The pedestrian, a 1-year-old male crossing with the signal at the intersection, was struck. The child sustained a concussion and injuries to the elbow, lower arm, and hand, with an injury severity rated as 3. The report explicitly cites 'Failure to Yield Right-of-Way' as the contributing factor for both the vehicle and the pedestrian. The sedan showed no damage, indicating a low-speed impact. The driver was licensed in New York and operating the vehicle legally. The collision highlights the danger posed by driver failure to yield, especially to vulnerable pedestrians, even when they are crossing lawfully.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4695325 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
4
Convertible Strikes Pedestrian Crossing With Signal

Jan 4 - A 62-year-old woman crossing Cambridge Avenue with the signal was struck by a northbound convertible making a left turn. She suffered upper arm contusions and bruises. The driver’s left front bumper made impact without reported vehicle damage.

According to the police report, the crash occurred on Cambridge Avenue near West 235 Street in the Bronx at 18:47. A 62-year-old female pedestrian, crossing with the signal at the intersection, was hit by a convertible traveling northbound that was making a left turn. The point of impact was the vehicle's left front bumper. The pedestrian sustained upper arm contusions and bruises but remained conscious. The vehicle showed no damage. The report lists no specific driver contributing factors, but the driver’s action of making a left turn into a crossing pedestrian indicates a failure to yield right of way. No pedestrian errors or helmet use were cited as contributing factors.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4693567 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
15
Audi Slams Turning Toyota, Child Bleeds

Dec 15 - A northbound Audi struck a turning Toyota on Mosholu Parkway. The Toyota’s right side crumpled. Inside, a five-year-old girl bled from the face. Seven people jolted. Traffic control ignored. Night air cold. Metal screamed. Lives changed.

A crash on Mosholu Parkway near West Gun Hill Road left a five-year-old girl injured. According to the police report, a Toyota sedan making a left turn was struck broadside by a northbound Audi SUV. The Toyota’s right side was crushed. The child, belted in the Toyota, suffered severe facial bleeding. Seven people were inside the Toyota. The report states, “Traffic Control Disregarded” as a contributing factor. The data does not list any other driver errors. The child’s use of a lap belt and harness is noted, but the primary cause remains the disregard for traffic control. No blame is placed on the victims. The night ended with blood on the seats and sirens in the dark.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4688010 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
11
SUVs Collide on Major Deegan Expressway

Dec 11 - Two SUVs crashed on the Major Deegan Expressway. Both drivers were unlicensed and speeding. The left side doors of one vehicle were struck. The front passenger suffered a fractured shoulder. Both occupants were injured but conscious.

According to the police report, two sport utility vehicles collided on the Major Deegan Expressway. The impact struck the left side doors of one SUV and the front bumper of the other. Both drivers were unlicensed and traveling southbound. Driver inexperience and unsafe speed were cited as contributing factors. The front passenger, a 57-year-old woman, sustained a fractured and dislocated shoulder. The 31-year-old male driver suffered abrasions to his knee and lower leg. Both occupants were wearing lap belts and harnesses and were not ejected. The crash caused significant vehicle damage and left both occupants injured but conscious.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4686688 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19