Crash Count for Manhattan CB11
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 6,685
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 3,519
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 976
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 48
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 17
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Dec 8, 2025
Carnage in CB 111
Detailed breakdowns aren’t yet available for this year slice; totals below reflect the selected window.
Killed 17
+2
Crush Injuries 12
Lower leg/foot 4
Whole body 4
Lower arm/hand 2
Face 1
Head 1
Amputation 1
Neck 1
Severe Bleeding 23
Head 15
+10
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Whole body 2
Face 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Lower arm/hand 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Severe Lacerations 8
Head 4
Lower arm/hand 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Concussion 30
Head 23
+18
Face 4
Lower leg/foot 1
Neck 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whiplash 161
Neck 64
+59
Back 49
+44
Head 23
+18
Whole body 21
+16
Lower leg/foot 8
+3
Chest 7
+2
Shoulder/upper arm 5
Lower arm/hand 4
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Hip/upper leg 1
Contusion/Bruise 192
Lower leg/foot 73
+68
Lower arm/hand 25
+20
Head 23
+18
Shoulder/upper arm 18
+13
Face 15
+10
Hip/upper leg 12
+7
Back 11
+6
Whole body 10
+5
Abdomen/pelvis 5
Neck 5
Chest 1
Abrasion 149
Lower leg/foot 60
+55
Lower arm/hand 24
+19
Head 18
+13
Face 13
+8
Shoulder/upper arm 9
+4
Back 8
+3
Neck 5
Whole body 4
Abdomen/pelvis 3
Chest 3
Eye 2
Hip/upper leg 2
Pain/Nausea 100
Lower leg/foot 22
+17
Head 18
+13
Back 16
+11
Whole body 15
+10
Neck 14
+9
Shoulder/upper arm 12
+7
Lower arm/hand 6
+1
Chest 4
Abdomen/pelvis 3
Hip/upper leg 3
Face 2
Eye 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Dec 8, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in CB 111?

Preventable Speeding in CB 111 School Zones

(since 2022)
Four hits in nine days. One board. One pattern.

Four hits in nine days. One board. One pattern.

Manhattan CB11: Jan 1, 2022 - Dec 3, 2025

Just before noon on Nov 28 at Park Ave and E 119 St, a driver turned right and hit a 26‑year‑old man who was crossing with the signal; police recorded unsafe speed and failure to yield by the driver (NYC Open Data).

This Week

  • Late on Nov 26 on FDR Drive, two drivers going north hit a 22‑year‑old man; he died at the scene (NYC Open Data).
  • Midday on Nov 26 at E 126 St and Lexington Ave, a pickup driver hit a 48‑year‑old woman who was crossing with the signal; police recorded failure to yield by the driver (NYC Open Data).
  • Early on Nov 19 at E 117 St and Madison Ave, a bus driver making a left hit a 41‑year‑old woman who was crossing with the signal; police recorded driver distraction and failure to yield (NYC Open Data).

The count does not let up

Since 2022, people on foot have been hit in 627 crashes here, with 13 pedestrians killed and 645 injured (NYC Open Data). Across all modes, this board has seen 17 deaths and 3,490 injuries in that span (NYC Open Data).

This year, crashes are up 9.0% from last year, with injuries up 18.8% and serious injuries up 80.0%; deaths are down, but five people are still gone (NYC Open Data). Deadly hours run all day and night in the record—pre‑dawn, late morning, late afternoon, and after 9 PM all show fatalities logged by police (NYC Open Data).

Corners that keep breaking people

Police have logged repeated harm at Harlem River Drive and along East 125 Street—both listed among the top locations for injuries and deaths in this community board (NYC Open Data crash records). Recent cases in the past month show the same driver errors again and again: unsafe speed, failure to yield, and distraction, all recorded by police on the reports linked above.

What would help now is not theory. Daylight the crosswalks so people aren’t stepping from behind parked metal; there’s a bill to require it at scale. Council Member Diana I. Ayala is listed as a co‑sponsor of Int 1138‑2024, which would ban standing or parking within 20 feet of a crosswalk and order barriers at 1,000 intersections per year.

Who’s moved, and what still sits

To slow the worst repeat speeders, the State Senate moved a bill to require intelligent speed assistance for drivers who rack up violations. State Senator Jose Serrano co‑sponsored and voted yes on S 4045 in committee this year (Open States). That bill would force habitual offenders to use tech that keeps them within 5 MPH of the limit, as summarized in the legislative record.

The pattern on our streets says the rest. People are hit while they have the walk. People are hit by turning drivers who don’t yield. The fixes are known. The tools exist.

Use the tools you have

  • Pass daylighting. Install the barriers. Keep sightlines clear on Park Ave, East 125 Street, and other repeat corners listed in the city’s own data (NYC Open Data).
  • Advance and pass speed‑limiter mandates for repeat speeders—S 4045 has already cleared key steps in the Senate (Open States).
  • Lower speeds citywide. Sammy’s Law gave the city that power; use it. Details and contacts are here.

One man down at noon on Park Ave. Another dead by night on the FDR. Do the simple things. Do them now. Then fewer names will land in these lines.

Take one step today: tell City Hall and Albany to slow the streets and rein in repeat speeders—start here.

Frequently Asked Questions

What area does this cover?
Manhattan Community Board 11, which includes East Harlem (South), East Harlem (North), and Randall’s Island.
How many people walking have been hurt or killed here since 2022?
Police reports show 627 pedestrian-involved crashes, with 13 pedestrians killed and 645 injured since 2022 in Manhattan CB11 (NYC Open Data).
What times are most dangerous?
Police recorded fatal crashes at multiple hours, including pre‑dawn (4 AM), late morning (10 AM and noon), late afternoon, and after 9 PM, indicating risk across the day and night (NYC Open Data).
Which fixes are on the table right now?
Daylighting crosswalks via Council bill Int 1138‑2024, and state legislation S 4045 to require speed limiters for repeat speeders (Legistar; Open States).
How were these numbers calculated?
We analyzed NYPD crash records from NYC Open Data: Motor Vehicle Collisions – Crashes (h9gi‑nx95), plus linked Persons (f55k‑p6yu) and Vehicles (bm4k‑52h4). We filtered for incidents from 2022‑01‑01 to 2025‑12‑03 within Manhattan Community Board 11 and counted deaths, injuries, and crash totals by mode and time of day. Data last accessed Dec 3, 2025. You can explore the base datasets here.
What is CrashCount?
We’re a tool for helping hold local politicians and other actors accountable for their failure to protect you when you’re walking or cycling in NYC. We update our site constantly to provide you with up to date information on what’s happening in your neighborhood.

Citations

Citations
  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – Crashes - Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-03
  • File S 4045, Open States / NY Senate, Published 2025-06-11
  • File Int 1138-2024, NYC Council – Legistar, Published 2024-12-05

Other Representatives

Assembly Member Eddie Gibbs

District 68

Council Member Diana I. Ayala

District 8

State Senator Jose Serrano

District 29

Other Geographies

Manhattan CB11 Manhattan Community Board 11 sits in Manhattan, Precinct 23, District 8, AD 68, SD 29.

It contains East Harlem (South), East Harlem (North), Randall's Island.

See also
Boroughs
City Council Districts
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Manhattan Community Board 11

27
Driver Dies in Harlem River Drive SUV Crash

Sep 27 - The driver of a southbound Honda SUV crashed on Harlem River Drive at 3:05 a.m. He was 55. He suffered head trauma and died. The front end took the hit. Police listed contributing factors as unspecified.

According to the police report, a southbound 2018 Honda SUV with one occupant crashed on Harlem River Drive in Manhattan at 3:05 a.m. The driver, a 55-year-old man, suffered a head injury and was pronounced dead. Impact and damage were to the center front end. Police recorded contributing factors as “Unspecified.” The driver was licensed in New York. The report lists air bag deployed and lap belt/harness. No pedestrians, cyclists, or passengers were listed as injured. This was recorded in NYPD Precinct 25, with the vehicle traveling south. The second vehicle entry in the file listed no occupants and no details.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4845379 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
26
Failure to Yield Hurts Scooter Rider, Child

Sep 26 - Morning crash at Park Ave and E 111 St injured a 13-year-old on a standing scooter and a 6-year-old passenger. Police recorded failure to yield by a driver and limited view.

A crash at Park Ave and E 111 St in Manhattan involved a standing scooter traveling west and a northbound 2017 motor vehicle. A 13-year-old boy operating the standing scooter and a 6-year-old girl riding as a passenger were injured with head abrasions. According to the police report, officers recorded “Failure to Yield Right-of-Way” by a driver and “View Obstructed/Limited.” Both operators were listed as going straight before the crash. The case falls in the 23rd Precinct area and was logged at 7:59 a.m. No vehicle damage was recorded in the file, but two children were left hurt.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4846265 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
26
Driver Disregards Signal, Hits Man in Crosswalk

Sep 26 - At E 125 St and 3 Ave, a driver went straight and ignored traffic control. He hit a 53-year-old man crossing with the signal. The impact crushed the man’s lower leg. He stayed conscious.

A driver going straight hit a 53-year-old man who was crossing the intersection with the signal at E 125 St and 3 Ave in Manhattan. The impact landed on the center front end and left the man with crush injuries to his lower leg. He remained conscious. According to the police report, police recorded traffic control disregarded by the driver. The driver was traveling straight ahead and northbound at the time of the crash. The report places the pedestrian at the intersection and crossing with the signal.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4846916 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
23
Driver hits teen pedestrian at 3rd Ave

Sep 23 - A westbound sedan driver hit a 19-year-old woman at East 106th Street and Third Avenue. Center-front impact. She suffered a leg bruise and stayed conscious. Manhattan, 6:08 p.m.

A driver in a sedan traveling west on East 106th Street hit a 19-year-old woman in the intersection at Third Avenue. She was conscious and injured in the knee and foot, with a reported bruise. According to the police report, the driver was going straight and the point of impact was the center front end of the sedan. The vehicle was listed with no damage. Police recorded no contributing factor for the driver. The crash was logged at 6:08 p.m.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4845630 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
21
Driver hits man crossing with signal

Sep 21 - A northbound driver hit a 35-year-old man at E 116 St and 3 Ave. The man was crossing with the signal. Center-front impact. He suffered facial and internal injuries and remained conscious.

A driver traveling north hit a 35-year-old man at E 116 St and 3 Ave in Manhattan. The pedestrian suffered facial and internal injuries and was conscious. According to the police report, the driver was going straight ahead and the point of impact was the center front end. The report did not list any contributing factors by the driver. The vehicle type was recorded as unspecified. No other people were listed as injured. The crash location falls within the 25th Precinct.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4845482 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
20
Teen passenger hurt in 119th and Third crash

Sep 20 - A westbound driver and a northbound driver crashed at E 119 St and 3 Ave. The right side of the northbound car was hit. Both drivers were injured. A 15-year-old passenger suffered crush injuries. Police cited driver inattention.

Two sedans collided at E 119 St and 3 Ave in Manhattan at 12:47 p.m. Both drivers were going straight. One westbound. One northbound. The right side of the northbound car was hit. The westbound car showed front-end damage. A 42-year-old woman driving north was injured with crush injuries. An 83-year-old man driving west was injured with crush injuries. A 15-year-old boy riding in the front passenger seat was injured with crush injuries. According to the police report, both drivers were going straight and police recorded Driver Inattention/Distraction by the drivers. The report also lists Driver Inattention/Distraction for the injured passenger.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4843624 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
19
SUV driver and motorcyclist collide; rider injured

Sep 19 - An SUV driver and a motorcycle driver collided at Madison Ave and E 130 St. The rider went down with an arm abrasion. Police recorded driver inattention by both drivers.

A driver in an SUV and a motorcycle driver collided at Madison Ave and E 130 St in Manhattan around 3:30 p.m. The 25-year-old rider was injured with an arm abrasion. Damage marked the motorcycle’s center front and the SUV’s right-side doors. According to the police report, the contributing factor was "Driver Inattention/Distraction." Police recorded Driver Inattention/Distraction by both drivers. The motorcycle driver was making a right turn before the crash. Both vehicles were traveling northeast. The report lists both motorists as licensed. The case falls within the 25th Precinct’s area.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4844397 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
19
Distracted driver injures cyclist on E 119 St

Sep 19 - A sedan driver going west collided with a cyclist at 210 E 119 St. The 35-year-old man suffered crush injuries to his face and was conscious. Police recorded driver inattention/distraction. Car rear damaged; bike front damaged.

A westbound sedan driver collided with a westbound cyclist at 210 E 119 St in Manhattan. The crash injured the 35-year-old man on the bike. The report lists crush injuries and facial trauma, and notes he was conscious and partially ejected. According to the police report, both the sedan and the bicycle were going straight. Police recorded driver inattention/distraction by the driver. The sedan showed damage to the center back end; the bike had damage to the center front. The driver, 64, was licensed in New York. The case is logged as collision 4843984.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4843984 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
16
Northbound SUV driver injures pedestrian on 3 Ave

Sep 16 - Driver moved to park on 3 Ave by E 117 St and hit a 37-year-old man who was not in the roadway. Left front bumper took his leg. Police recorded View Obstructed/Limited by the driver.

On 3 Ave by E 117 St in Manhattan, a northbound driver in a 2013 Dodge SUV moved to park. He hit a 37-year-old man. The left front bumper delivered the blow. The man suffered a lower-leg injury and stayed conscious. The report lists a fracture/dislocation. According to the police report, the pedestrian was not in the roadway. According to the police report, officers recorded View Obstructed/Limited by the driver. The report also noted limited visibility as a contributing factor. The driver held a New Jersey license.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4842972 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
16
2nd Avenue Southbound Crash Hurts Passenger

Sep 16 - Two southbound drivers collided near 2256 Second Ave in Manhattan. A 29-year-old man riding in the left rear seat was hurt. Police noted driver inattention and inexperience.

Two southbound drivers collided near 2256 Second Avenue in Manhattan. One driver was in a 2023 Toyota SUV. The other drove a 2002 GMC. The SUV showed front-end damage on the left bumper. A 29-year-old man riding in the left rear seat was injured. He reported back pain and whiplash. According to the police report, 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' and 'Driver Inexperience' were contributing factors. Police recorded distraction and inexperience by the drivers. Both vehicles were reported as going straight before impact. No pedestrians or cyclists were listed as hurt.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4843054 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
13
Tailgating Rear-End Crash on East 115th Street

Sep 13 - Two southbound drivers met hard on East 115th. One hit the rear of another. A 34-year-old driver suffered back pain and whiplash. Police recorded Following Too Closely. Others were listed as unspecified.

A driver in a southbound sedan hit the rear of another sedan near 210 East 115th Street in Manhattan at 8:52 p.m. One driver, a 34-year-old man, was injured and reported back pain and whiplash. A front-seat passenger and two other occupants were listed with unspecified injury status. According to the police report, both drivers were going straight. Police recorded Following Too Closely. Impact points noted were the right front bumper of the trailing car and the left rear bumper of the lead car. The crash involved licensed drivers from New York and New Jersey. The report lists no other contributing factors.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4844490 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
13
Driver Fails to Yield, Injures 86-Year-Old

Sep 13 - A driver on an other motorized device failed to yield on 2 Ave at E 102 St and hit an 86-year-old man in the intersection. The man suffered a head wound. A 20-year-old passenger on the device was also hurt.

A northbound driver on an other motorized device, going straight on 2 Ave at E 102 St, failed to yield and hit an 86-year-old man in the intersection. The pedestrian sustained a head injury with minor bleeding. A 20-year-old female passenger on the device suffered a head contusion. According to the police report, officers recorded “Failure to Yield Right-of-Way” and “Driver Inattention/Distraction” by the driver. The front of the vehicle made contact. The report lists the pedestrian at the intersection.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4842275 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
12
Jeep driver rear-ends stopped Toyota on FDR Drive

Sep 12 - Southbound Jeep driver hit a stopped Toyota on FDR Drive. Rear-end crash. The 61-year-old driver was injured and unconscious. Police recorded "Illnes" as a factor.

According to the police report, the driver of a southbound Jeep SUV hit the back of a Toyota SUV that was stopped in traffic on FDR Drive. The rear-end crash damaged the Jeep’s front and the Toyota’s back. The 61-year-old Jeep driver was injured and listed as unconscious at the scene. The other driver, 39, had injuries listed as unspecified. Police recorded "Illnes" as a contributing factor. Each SUV carried only the driver.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4841744 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
12
Left-Turning SUV Driver Hits Truck; Child Hurt

Sep 12 - An SUV driver turned left at E 116th and Madison and hit a truck driver going straight. A child passenger was injured. A rear passenger and the SUV driver were hurt. Police recorded driver inattention/distraction.

At E 116th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan, a Dodge SUV driver turned left and collided with a box truck driver traveling straight eastbound. The crash injured a child riding in the right rear seat of the SUV. A 38-year-old rear passenger reported back pain and whiplash. The 44-year-old SUV driver was also injured with back pain and whiplash. The truck driver, a 42-year-old woman, was listed with unspecified injury status. According to the police report, "Driver Inattention/Distraction" was recorded. Police recorded driver inattention/distraction by the drivers. Both vehicles were eastbound at the time of impact. No pedestrians or cyclists were listed.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4842525 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
7
Sedan driver hits bike, injures teen

Sep 7 - A driver in a sedan traveling east collided with a westbound bike at Park Ave and E 120 St in Manhattan. A 15-year-old bike passenger went unconscious and was hurt. The 18-year-old rider reported injury.

Two people rode a bike west near Park Avenue and East 120th Street. A driver in a sedan traveled east. The driver collided with them while going straight, according to the police report. The crash injured both people on the bike. The 15-year-old passenger was listed as unconscious and hurt in the leg and foot. The 18-year-old rider reported injury. Injuries for the car’s occupants were listed as unspecified. According to the police report, contributing factors were recorded as "Unspecified" for all parties. No driver error was documented in the data.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4845441 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
6
Unsafe lane change injures driver on FDR

Sep 6 - At 2:24 a.m. on FDR Drive, a driver in a 2019 Infiniti SUV was hurt when the left side took the hit. Police recorded Unsafe Lane Changing. The 37-year-old woman reported arm pain and shock. Left-side doors were crushed.

At 2:24 a.m., police recorded a northbound 2019 Infiniti SUV on FDR Drive traveling straight ahead with left-side door damage and a 37-year-old female driver injured. According to the police report, officers listed Unsafe Lane Changing as a contributing factor. The driver reported elbow and hand pain, nausea, and shock. Another driver was recorded as changing lanes before the crash. The Infiniti’s point of impact was the left-side doors. The driver was licensed in New York. Another 37-year-old female occupant was listed in the report with unspecified injury status. No pedestrians or cyclists were noted.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4840293 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
6
Jeep driver injures woman on E 102 St

Sep 6 - A driver in a Jeep going east hit a 34-year-old woman at 440 E 102 St. Police cited aggressive driving. She suffered a head wound and severe bleeding.

A driver in a 2021 Jeep SUV traveling east hit a 34-year-old woman at 440 E 102 St in Manhattan at about 1:18 a.m. She sustained a head injury with severe bleeding and was listed as conscious. According to the police report, "Aggressive Driving/Road Rage" was the contributing factor. Police recorded aggressive driving/road rage by the driver. The report lists a center-front point of impact and center-front vehicle damage. An occupant tied to the vehicle was noted with an unspecified injury. No further details were recorded in the file.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4840301 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
5
Driver and cyclist collide at 116th and Lexington

Sep 5 - On E 116th at Lexington, a driver in a sedan and a 23-year-old cyclist collided while heading west. The driver, 47, was injured. Police list the cyclist’s injuries as unspecified. Contributing factors were recorded as unspecified.

According to the police report, the crash happened at E 116 St and Lexington Ave in Manhattan at 7:47 p.m. A 47-year-old man driving a 2010 Chevrolet sedan and a 23-year-old man on a bike were both headed west. They collided. The driver was listed as injured, with lower-leg pain and whiplash. The bicyclist was recorded as partially ejected. The report lists his injuries as unspecified. Police recorded contributing factors for both operators as “Unspecified.” Both were documented as going straight ahead. The sedan’s point of impact was the left-side doors.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4843117 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
4
Merging Driver Hits Sedan on FDR

Sep 4 - Northbound on FDR, a merging driver collided with a sedan. A 37-year-old driver suffered a head abrasion. Police recorded driver inattention and unsafe lane changing.

Two northbound sedans crashed on FDR DRIVE at 3:38 p.m. The driver of a 2013 Nissan was going straight. The driver of a 2015 Honda was merging. The driver of the Nissan hit the Honda’s left rear with the Nissan’s right front. The 37-year-old woman driving the Nissan suffered a head abrasion. The 63-year-old man in the Honda was listed with unspecified injury. According to the police report, “Contributing Factors: Driver Inattention/Distraction, Unsafe Lane Changing.” Police recorded driver inattention and unsafe lane changing.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4840165 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12
3
Dirt bike driver injures 70-year-old

Sep 3 - Driver on a dirt bike, traveling south on 2 Avenue, hit a 70-year-old man off the roadway near 2086 2 Avenue. He suffered a chest abrasion. Police recorded aggressive driving and failure to yield by the driver.

A driver on a dirt bike, going straight and traveling south, hit a 70-year-old man who was not in the roadway near 2086 2 Avenue in Manhattan. The impact was to the bike’s center front. The pedestrian suffered a chest abrasion and was injured but conscious. According to the police report, the crash involved “Aggressive Driving/Road Rage” and “Failure to Yield Right-of-Way” by the driver. The pedestrian was not at an intersection. The vehicle record shows southbound travel and damage to the center front end.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4840747 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-12-12