Crash Count for Manhattan CB9
Crashes: Collisions involving cars, bikes, and pedestrians. 3,365
All Injuries: Any injury from a reported crash. 1,675
Moderate: Broken bones, concussions, and other serious injuries. 491
Serious: Life-altering injuries: amputations, paralysis, severe trauma. 26
Deaths: Lives lost to traffic violence. 12
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 15, 2025
Carnage in CB 109
Killed 11
Crush Injuries 7
Lower arm/hand 2
Lower leg/foot 2
Face 1
Head 1
Neck 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Severe Bleeding 7
Face 4
Head 3
Severe Lacerations 8
Lower arm/hand 3
Lower leg/foot 2
Face 1
Head 1
Whole body 1
Concussion 16
Head 10
+5
Neck 2
Back 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Whiplash 74
Neck 40
+35
Back 20
+15
Head 15
+10
Chest 3
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Lower arm/hand 1
Lower leg/foot 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Contusion/Bruise 93
Lower leg/foot 36
+31
Head 18
+13
Lower arm/hand 15
+10
Shoulder/upper arm 6
+1
Back 5
Whole body 5
Face 4
Neck 3
Hip/upper leg 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Abrasion 82
Lower leg/foot 33
+28
Lower arm/hand 18
+13
Head 15
+10
Back 4
Face 4
Hip/upper leg 3
Eye 2
Neck 2
Shoulder/upper arm 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Whole body 1
Pain/Nausea 35
Lower leg/foot 9
+4
Back 8
+3
Hip/upper leg 4
Lower arm/hand 4
Chest 3
Head 3
Neck 2
Abdomen/pelvis 1
Shoulder/upper arm 1
Whole body 1
Data from Jan 1, 2022 to Sep 15, 2025

Who’s Injuring and Killing Pedestrians in Manhattan CB9?

Preventable Speeding in CB 109 School Zones

(since 2022)
Harlem’s kill zones: nine dead, hundreds hurt, and a city that still won’t slow down

Harlem’s kill zones: nine dead, hundreds hurt, and a city that still won’t slow down

Manhattan CB9: Jan 1, 2022 - Aug 25, 2025

Henry Hudson takes the most. Riverside takes its share. Since 2022, Manhattan CB9 has seen nine people killed and 1,267 injured in 2,627 crashes, with 19 listed as serious injuries, according to city data (NYC Open Data).

Motorcycles, SUVs, sedans. Bikes and bodies. The toll keeps coming in.

Where the bodies fall

The Henry Hudson Parkway is the worst corridor in CB9: two deaths and 199 injuries. Riverside Drive adds another death and 24 injuries. Amsterdam Avenue and 125th and 145th Streets pile up dozens more injuries.

At 10:52 p.m. on Aug. 3, 2023, a 42‑year‑old motorcyclist died on the Henry Hudson. The record lists ejection, helmet used, and driver factors: “Unsafe Speed” and “Tinted Windows” (CrashID 4651573).

At W 155th and St. Nicholas, a bicyclist died at 10:42 p.m. on Nov. 2, 2024. Police logged driver inattention and unsafe speed in a collision with an SUV (CrashID 4768346).

On May 10, 2025, at 11:55 p.m., an SUV struck a 73‑year‑old man at W 135th Street. He was recorded “Semiconscious,” then “Killed.” The database calls it “Pedestrian/Bicyclist/Other Pedestrian Error/Confusion.” The SUV was “Going Straight Ahead” (CrashID 4812753).

The clock tells on us

Nights are bad. Injuries climb through the late hours. Between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m., injuries spike, with deaths logged at 10 p.m., 11 p.m., and midnight hours. The 10 p.m. hour shows 82 injuries and two deaths; 11 p.m. has 57 injuries and three serious injuries; midnight holds 76 injuries and a serious injury (NYC Open Data).

Drivers hit most pedestrians here. SUVs and cars account for the bulk of cases: 172 pedestrian injuries and two pedestrian deaths tied to SUVs and sedans in the rollup. Trucks and buses injure too, but far less often (NYC Open Data).

Why the pain keeps coming

“Unsafe speed” is present in fatal files. “Driver Inattention/Distraction” appears again and again. The board’s contributing factors list speed, inattention, failure to yield, and red‑light disregard across hundreds of injuries, with multiple deaths under “other” and “vulnerable road user error” buckets (NYC Open Data).

At Bowery and Canal last month, a stolen car doing more than 100 mph killed two people. The city moved to harden the site. “We are taking immediate steps to fortify this intersection,” said the transportation commissioner (Gothamist). It should not take two dead to fix a corner. “Canal Street is only as safe as its most dangerous block,” an advocate said, warning most of the corridor “will remain deadly” even after changes (Gothamist).

Fix the streets that kill

Start where the numbers are worst. Harden turns and narrow lanes on Henry Hudson access points in CB9. Install raised crossings and daylight corners on Riverside Drive and along 125th and 145th. Late‑night hotspots need speed control and signal timing that protects people on foot and on bikes. Repeat crash sites need repeat fixes.

City Hall and Albany have tools and use them when pushed. The Council sent the state a message to let the city set lower limits. “The city’s ability to control the speed limits on its streets plays a crucial role in delivering traffic safety,” said the DOT commissioner at the time (Streetsblog NYC).

Albany advanced a bill to stop the worst repeat speeders with speed‑limiting tech. Senator Cleare co‑sponsored and voted yes in committee on S 4045, which requires intelligent speed assistance for drivers with repeat violations (Open States). On the Assembly side, local members signed on to A 2299 to mandate the same devices for habitual speeders (Open States).

Lower speeds save lives. Pass the devices. Drop the default. Then go back to the corners where blood has already dried and rebuild them.

If you want this to stop, act. Tell City Hall to set safer speeds and back the bills that rein in repeat speeders. Start here: take action.

Citations

Citations

Other Representatives

Jordan Wright
Assembly Member Jordan Wright
District 70
District Office:
163 W. 125th St. Suite 911, New York, NY 10027
Legislative Office:
Room 532, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12248
Shaun Abreu
Council Member Shaun Abreu
District 7
District Office:
500 West 141st Street, New York, NY 10031
212-928-6814
Legislative Office:
250 Broadway, Suite 1763, New York, NY 10007
212-788-7007
Twitter: @shaunabreu
Cordell Cleare
State Senator Cordell Cleare
District 30
District Office:
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. State Office Building 163 W. 125th St., Suite 912, New York, NY 10027
Legislative Office:
Room 905, Legislative Office Building, Albany, NY 12247
Other Geographies

Manhattan CB9 Manhattan Community Board 9 sits in Manhattan, Precinct 26, District 7, AD 70, SD 30.

It contains Morningside Heights, Manhattanville-West Harlem, Hamilton Heights-Sugar Hill.

See also
Boroughs
City Council Districts
State_assembly_districts
State Senate Districts

Traffic Safety Timeline for Manhattan Community Board 9

21
E-Bike Strikes Parked Sedan on Broadway

May 21 - A 22-year-old e-bike rider crashed into a parked sedan on Broadway. The rider suffered a head abrasion but was conscious. The sedan was damaged on its right front quarter panel. Driver inattention and other vehicular factors contributed to the crash.

According to the police report, a 22-year-old male e-bike driver traveling north on Broadway collided with a parked 2019 Ford sedan. The e-bike struck the sedan’s right front quarter panel, causing damage to both vehicles. The rider sustained a head abrasion but remained conscious and was not ejected. The report lists driver inattention/distraction and other vehicular factors as contributing causes. No safety equipment was noted for the rider. The sedan had no occupants at the time. The crash highlights risks posed by inattentive driving and vehicle positioning on city streets.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4529565 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
20
Sedan Hits E-Bike on Broadway, Injures Rider

May 20 - A sedan made a left turn and struck an e-bike rider going straight on Broadway. The 48-year-old bicyclist was ejected and suffered a head abrasion. The driver’s improper lane usage caused the crash. The rider was not wearing a helmet.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling north on Broadway made a left turn and collided with an e-bike also traveling north. The bicyclist, a 48-year-old man, was ejected from his bike and sustained a head abrasion. The report lists the driver’s error as "Passing or Lane Usage Improper." The e-bike rider was not wearing any safety equipment. The sedan’s left front bumper struck the center front end of the e-bike. The rider remained conscious but was injured. No other contributing factors were noted. The crash highlights the dangers of improper lane changes and left turns involving vulnerable road users.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4530546 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
16
Pedestrian Injured by Sedan on West 155 Street

May 16 - A 38-year-old woman was struck by a sedan while crossing West 155 Street outside an intersection. She suffered a fractured knee and lower leg injuries. The driver hit her with the front center of the vehicle. The pedestrian was in shock at the scene.

According to the police report, a 38-year-old female pedestrian was injured while crossing West 155 Street outside a crosswalk. She suffered fractures and dislocations to her knee and lower leg. The sedan, traveling westbound, struck her with the center front end. The report lists pedestrian confusion or error as a contributing factor. No driver errors were specified in the report. The driver was licensed and traveling straight ahead. The pedestrian was not at an intersection and was crossing without a signal. The vehicle sustained other damage but no further details were provided.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4528528 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
16
S 1078 Cleare votes yes, boosting driver education and improving street safety.

May 16 - Senate and Assembly passed S 1078. New drivers must now learn how to avoid hitting people on foot or bike. Law aims to cut crashes at the root—before drivers get the keys.

Bill S 1078, introduced in the Senate on April 27, 2021, requires pedestrian and bicyclist safety instruction in the drivers pre-licensing course. The bill moved through committee and passed the Senate and Assembly, with key votes on May 20, 2021, February 1, 2022, May 16, 2022, and May 23, 2022. The matter summary reads: 'Requires instruction in pedestrian and bicyclist safety as part of the drivers pre-licensing course.' Primary sponsor: Senator Gounardes, joined by Bailey, Biaggi, Brisport, Cleare, Comrie, and others. The measure targets driver ignorance, a root cause of deadly crashes, by putting vulnerable road users at the center of driver education.


16
S 5130 Cleare votes yes, boosting street safety and access for everyone.

May 16 - Senate passed S 5130. The bill pushes complete street design. It aims for safe access for all. Pedestrians and cyclists get a shot at safer roads. The vote was split, but the bill moved forward.

Senate bill S 5130, titled 'Enables safe access to public roads for all users by utilizing complete street design principles,' passed committee votes on March 2 and May 16, 2022. Senator Kennedy sponsored the bill. Support came from members like Jeremy Cooney, Anna Kaplan, and John Liu. Dissent came from Patrick Gallivan and Susan Serino. The bill pushes cities to design roads for everyone—pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers. It marks a shift from car-first planning. The measure aims to cut risk for people outside cars. Full vote details and text are at the New York Senate website.


8
Ford Sedan Strikes Pedestrian on Parkway

May 8 - A Ford sedan hit a 23-year-old man on Henry Hudson Parkway. The car struck his head. He died where he fell. The driver kept going straight. Sunlight cut the road. The crash ended one life. The street stayed quiet.

A Ford sedan traveling south on Henry Hudson Parkway struck a 23-year-old man in the head. According to the police report, the pedestrian was not at a crosswalk and died at the scene. The driver continued straight. The report lists 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as a contributing factor. The data also notes 'Pedestrian/Bicyclist/Other Pedestrian Error/Confusion,' but the primary error remains with the driver’s inattention. The impact was to the right front quarter panel of the vehicle. No other injuries were reported among vehicle occupants. The sun was out. The body lay still on the road.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4525853 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
4
Sedan Strikes Pedestrian Crossing With Signal

May 4 - A 60-year-old man crossing 12 Avenue at West 130 Street was hit by a northbound sedan. The pedestrian suffered back injuries and shock. The driver was speeding and disregarded traffic control. The impact caused center front damage to the vehicle.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling north on 12 Avenue struck a 60-year-old male pedestrian crossing with the signal at West 130 Street in Manhattan. The pedestrian sustained back injuries and was in shock, complaining of pain and nausea. The report lists 'Unsafe Speed' and 'Traffic Control Disregarded' as contributing factors on the driver's part. The vehicle's center front end was damaged on impact. The pedestrian was not at fault and was crossing legally. The driver failed to control speed and ignored traffic signals, leading to the collision.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4524918 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
1
SUV Rear-Ends Sedan on West 133 Street

May 1 - A BMW SUV struck a Volkswagen sedan from behind on West 133 Street. The sedan driver was unlicensed. The SUV driver fell asleep. A front passenger in the SUV suffered head injuries and whiplash. Both vehicles traveled north before the crash.

According to the police report, a BMW SUV traveling north on West 133 Street rear-ended a Volkswagen sedan also heading north. The sedan was driven by an unlicensed male driver. The SUV driver fell asleep at the wheel, causing the collision. The front passenger in the SUV, a 55-year-old woman wearing a lap belt and harness, sustained head injuries and whiplash but was conscious and not ejected. The point of impact was the center back end of the SUV and the center front end of the sedan. The report lists 'Fell Asleep' as the contributing factor. No other contributing factors or victim errors were noted.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4524003 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
28
SUV Backs Into Parked Box Truck on Broadway

Apr 28 - SUV driver reversed into a parked box truck on Broadway. Neck injury. Whiplash. Unsafe backing and distraction listed. Metal crumpled. One man hurt. Manhattan street, evening crash.

According to the police report, a 55-year-old man driving a Jeep SUV backed unsafely into a parked box truck on Broadway near West 135 Street in Manhattan. The SUV struck the truck's rear, causing damage to both vehicles. The SUV driver suffered neck pain and whiplash. The report lists 'Backing Unsafely' and 'Driver Inattention/Distraction' as contributing factors. No other driver errors or victim factors were noted. The injured driver was conscious and properly restrained with a lap belt and harness.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4528591 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
21
Unlicensed Driver Hits Parked Sedan in Manhattan

Apr 21 - A sedan parked on Amsterdam Avenue took a hit to its left rear quarter panel. The unlicensed driver of another vehicle struck it head-on. Both driver and front passenger in the moving vehicle were injured and unconscious. Illegal drugs were a factor.

According to the police report, a collision occurred on Amsterdam Avenue in Manhattan involving a parked sedan and a moving vehicle traveling south. The moving vehicle, driven by an unlicensed male driver, struck the left rear quarter panel of the parked sedan. Both the driver, age 65, and the front passenger, age 61, of the moving vehicle were injured and found unconscious. The front passenger was noted to have illegal drugs as a contributing factor. The report lists the driver’s unlicensed status as a key error. No ejections occurred, and both occupants were restrained with lap belts. The parked sedan sustained damage to its left rear quarter panel. No pedestrian involvement was reported.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4575786 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
21
E-Scooter Driver Injured in Manhattan Crash

Apr 21 - A 27-year-old man on an e-scooter was partially ejected and injured on Amsterdam Avenue near West 138th Street. The driver suffered knee and lower leg bruises. The vehicle struck an unspecified object head-on. The driver held a permit license.

According to the police report, a 27-year-old male e-scooter driver was partially ejected during a crash on Amsterdam Avenue in Manhattan. The driver sustained contusions and bruises to his knee, lower leg, and foot. The vehicle, traveling south and going straight ahead, impacted with its center front end. The report lists unspecified contributing factors but does not identify any failure to yield or other driver errors. The driver was not wearing any safety equipment and held a New York permit license. No other vehicles or pedestrians were involved or injured in this incident.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4531038 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
17
SUV and Sedan Slam on Morningside Avenue

Apr 17 - A sedan and SUV crashed head-on on Morningside Avenue. A 49-year-old man and a 10-year-old girl were hurt. The sedan’s front quarter and SUV’s center took the hit. Both victims were conscious. Traffic control was ignored.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling east and an SUV traveling north collided on Morningside Avenue. The sedan’s right front quarter panel and the SUV’s center front end bore the impact. The 49-year-old sedan driver suffered a concussion and lower leg injuries. A 10-year-old girl in the SUV sustained a head contusion. Both were conscious and wore lap belts. The report lists "Traffic Control Disregarded" as a contributing factor, showing a driver ignored signals or signs. No other contributing factors were noted. Neither victim was ejected.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4520007 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
14
Unlicensed E-Bike Strikes Parked BMW

Apr 14 - A 19-year-old male bicyclist on an e-bike collided with a parked BMW convertible on Amsterdam Avenue. The rider was ejected and suffered head injuries and abrasions. Police cited driver inattention as a contributing factor. The BMW showed no damage.

According to the police report, a 19-year-old male bicyclist riding an e-bike traveling south on Amsterdam Avenue struck the left side doors of a parked BMW convertible. The bicyclist was ejected from the vehicle and sustained head injuries and abrasions, with an injury severity level of 3. The report lists driver inattention or distraction as a contributing factor. The e-bike driver was unlicensed. The BMW sustained no damage. No other contributing factors or victim errors were noted in the report.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4520000 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
14
SUV Rear-Ends Sedan on Broadway

Apr 14 - A northbound SUV struck a stopped sedan on Broadway in Manhattan. The impact hit the sedan’s center back end. An 8-year-old passenger in the sedan suffered neck injuries and whiplash. Driver distraction caused the crash. No ejections reported.

According to the police report, a 2006 SUV traveling north on Broadway rear-ended a stopped 2019 sedan. The collision impacted the sedan’s center back end. An 8-year-old female occupant in the sedan, seated in the left rear passenger position and secured with a lap belt and harness, sustained neck injuries described as whiplash. The police identified driver inattention or distraction as the contributing factor to the crash. Both drivers were licensed and traveling northbound. The SUV driver was moving straight ahead, while the sedan was stopped in traffic. No other contributing factors or victim errors were noted.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4520200 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
10
SUVs Crash on 12 Avenue, Drivers Hurt

Apr 10 - Two SUVs slammed together on 12 Avenue at West 134 Street. Both drivers injured. Police cite alcohol and improper turning. Distraction played a role. Metal twisted. Lives changed in a moment.

According to the police report, two sport utility vehicles collided on 12 Avenue near West 134 Street in Manhattan. Both drivers, a 31-year-old man and a 35-year-old woman, were injured. The woman suffered head injuries and shock. Police list alcohol involvement and turning improperly as contributing factors. Driver inattention and distraction were also cited. The crash damaged the left front and rear panels of the vehicles. Neither driver was ejected. The report underscores the danger when drivers turn improperly, drive impaired, or lose focus behind the wheel.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4518575 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
8
Sedan Rear-Ends E-Bike on West 125 Street

Apr 8 - A sedan struck an e-bike from behind on West 125 Street in Manhattan. The e-bike rider, a 42-year-old man, suffered abrasions and injuries to his knee, lower leg, and foot. The crash happened at 11 p.m. The driver followed too closely.

According to the police report, a sedan traveling west on West 125 Street rear-ended an e-bike also going west. The e-bike driver, a 42-year-old man, sustained abrasions and injuries to his knee, lower leg, and foot. The report lists "Following Too Closely" as a contributing factor. The sedan's point of impact was its right rear bumper, hitting the e-bike's center front end. The e-bike rider was conscious and not ejected. No other contributing factors or victim errors were noted. The sedan driver was licensed in New York. The crash highlights the dangers of tailgating in mixed traffic environments.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4517792 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
6
SUV Collision on Saint Nicholas Avenue Injures Two

Apr 6 - Two men suffered elbow and arm bruises in a crash on Saint Nicholas Avenue. The driver was speeding. Both occupants wore seat belts and remained conscious. Multiple SUVs and a sedan were damaged in the collision near West 148 Street.

According to the police report, a crash occurred on Saint Nicholas Avenue involving multiple vehicles, including SUVs and a sedan. Two male occupants, ages 29 and 26, were injured with contusions to their elbows and lower arms. Both were conscious and restrained by lap belts and harnesses. The driver of the SUV was traveling north and was cited for unsafe speed, which contributed to the collision. The impact damaged the right side doors of the moving SUV and the rear panels of parked vehicles. No ejections occurred. The report lists 'Unsafe Speed' as the primary driver error. No other contributing factors such as helmet use or signaling were noted.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4516870 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
5
Taxi Hits Pedestrian Crossing With Signal

Apr 5 - A 63-year-old man was struck by a taxi while crossing West 133 Street with the signal. The taxi, driven by an inexperienced female driver making a left turn, hit the pedestrian with its right front bumper. The man suffered bruises over his entire body.

According to the police report, a taxi driven by a licensed female driver was making a left turn on West 133 Street when it struck a 63-year-old male pedestrian crossing with the signal. The pedestrian was injured with contusions and bruises over his entire body but remained conscious. The report lists driver inexperience as a contributing factor. The point of impact was the taxi's right front bumper. There was no vehicle damage reported. The pedestrian was not at fault and was crossing legally at an intersection.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4516597 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
5
E-Bike Rider Injured on Amsterdam Avenue

Apr 5 - A 27-year-old male e-bike rider crashed on Amsterdam Avenue. He was injured in the face and became semiconscious. The bike’s front end was damaged. Unsafe speed was a contributing factor. The rider was not wearing safety equipment.

According to the police report, a 27-year-old male e-bike rider traveling north on Amsterdam Avenue crashed while going straight ahead. The rider sustained facial injuries and was semiconscious after the impact. The e-bike’s center front end was damaged. The report lists unsafe speed as a contributing factor to the crash. No other vehicles were involved. The rider was not wearing any safety equipment at the time. The crash resulted in contusions and bruises to the rider’s face. The police report does not indicate any other contributing factors or actions by other parties.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4516535 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19
3
Taxi Slams Parked SUV on Amsterdam Avenue

Apr 3 - A taxi crashed into a parked SUV on Amsterdam Avenue. Two women inside the taxi suffered neck and shoulder injuries. Alcohol played a role. Both passengers were left in shock. Metal twisted. No one was ejected.

According to the police report, a taxi traveling west on Amsterdam Avenue struck a parked SUV. The collision damaged the taxi's right side doors and the SUV's left front quarter panel. Two female passengers in the taxi, ages 29 and 32, sustained neck and shoulder injuries and were left in shock. Alcohol involvement was listed as a contributing factor in the crash. The taxi driver failed to avoid a stationary vehicle, a key error noted in the report. No other driver errors or victim factors were recorded.


  • Motor Vehicle Collisions – CrashID 4516542 - Crashes, Persons, Vehicles , NYC Open Data, Accessed 2025-09-19